kinetis.c

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
/***************************************************************************
 *   Copyright (C) 2011 by Mathias Kuester                                 *
 *   kesmtp@freenet.de                                                     *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2011 sleep(5) ltd                                       *
 *   tomas@sleepfive.com                                                   *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2012 by Christopher D. Kilgour                          *
 *   techie at whiterocker.com                                             *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2013 Nemui Trinomius                                    *
 *   nemuisan_kawausogasuki@live.jp                                        *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2015 Tomas Vanek                                        *
 *   vanekt@fbl.cz                                                         *
 ***************************************************************************/
 
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif
 
#include "jtag/interface.h"
#include "imp.h"
#include <helper/binarybuffer.h>
#include <helper/time_support.h>
#include <target/target_type.h>
#include <target/algorithm.h>
#include <target/arm_adi_v5.h>
#include <target/armv7m.h>
#include <target/cortex_m.h>
 
/*
 * Implementation Notes
 *
 * The persistent memories in the Kinetis chip families K10 through
 * K70 are all manipulated with the Flash Memory Module.  Some
 * variants call this module the FTFE, others call it the FTFL.  To
 * indicate that both are considered here, we use FTFX.
 *
 * Within the module, according to the chip variant, the persistent
 * memory is divided into what Freescale terms Program Flash, FlexNVM,
 * and FlexRAM.  All chip variants have Program Flash.  Some chip
 * variants also have FlexNVM and FlexRAM, which always appear
 * together.
 *
 * A given Kinetis chip may have 1, 2 or 4 blocks of flash.  Here we map
 * each block to a separate bank.  Each block size varies by chip and
 * may be determined by the read-only SIM_FCFG1 register.  The sector
 * size within each bank/block varies by chip, and may be 1, 2 or 4k.
 * The sector size may be different for flash and FlexNVM.
 *
 * The first half of the flash (1 or 2 blocks) is always Program Flash
 * and always starts at address 0x00000000.  The "PFLSH" flag, bit 23
 * of the read-only SIM_FCFG2 register, determines whether the second
 * half of the flash is also Program Flash or FlexNVM+FlexRAM.  When
 * PFLSH is set, the second from the first half.  When PFLSH is clear,
 * the second half of flash is FlexNVM and always starts at address
 * 0x10000000.  FlexRAM, which is also present when PFLSH is clear,
 * always starts at address 0x14000000.
 *
 * The Flash Memory Module provides a register set where flash
 * commands are loaded to perform flash operations like erase and
 * program.  Different commands are available depending on whether
 * Program Flash or FlexNVM/FlexRAM is being manipulated.  Although
 * the commands used are quite consistent between flash blocks, the
 * parameters they accept differ according to the flash sector size.
 *
 */
 
/* Addresses */
#define FCF_ADDRESS 0x00000400
#define FCF_FPROT   0x8
#define FCF_FSEC    0xc
#define FCF_FOPT    0xd
#define FCF_FDPROT  0xf
#define FCF_SIZE    0x10
 
#define FLEXRAM     0x14000000
 
#define MSCM_OCMDR0 0x40001400
#define MSCM_OCMDR1 0x40001404
#define FMC_PFB01CR 0x4001f004
#define FTFX_FSTAT  0x40020000
#define FTFX_FCNFG  0x40020001
#define FTFX_FCCOB3 0x40020004
#define FTFX_FPROT3 0x40020010
#define FTFX_FDPROT 0x40020017
#define SIM_BASE    0x40047000
#define SIM_BASE_KL28   0x40074000
#define SIM_COPC    0x40048100
    /* SIM_COPC does not exist on devices with changed SIM_BASE */
#define WDOG_BASE   0x40052000
#define WDOG32_KE1X 0x40052000
#define WDOG32_KL28 0x40076000
#define SMC_PMCTRL  0x4007E001
#define SMC_PMSTAT  0x4007E003
#define SMC32_PMCTRL    0x4007E00C
#define SMC32_PMSTAT    0x4007E014
#define PMC_REGSC   0x4007D002
#define MC_PMCTRL   0x4007E003
#define MCM_PLACR   0xF000300C
 
/* Offsets */
#define SIM_SOPT1_OFFSET    0x0000
#define SIM_SDID_OFFSET     0x1024
#define SIM_FCFG1_OFFSET    0x104c
#define SIM_FCFG2_OFFSET    0x1050
 
#define WDOG_STCTRLH_OFFSET      0
#define WDOG32_CS_OFFSET         0
 
/* Values */
#define PM_STAT_RUN     0x01
#define PM_STAT_VLPR        0x04
#define PM_CTRL_RUNM_RUN    0x00
 
/* Commands */
#define FTFX_CMD_BLOCKSTAT  0x00
#define FTFX_CMD_SECTSTAT   0x01
#define FTFX_CMD_LWORDPROG  0x06
#define FTFX_CMD_SECTERASE  0x09
#define FTFX_CMD_SECTWRITE  0x0b
#define FTFX_CMD_MASSERASE  0x44
#define FTFX_CMD_PGMPART    0x80
#define FTFX_CMD_SETFLEXRAM 0x81
 
/* The older Kinetis K series uses the following SDID layout :
 * Bit 31-16 : 0
 * Bit 15-12 : REVID
 * Bit 11-7  : DIEID
 * Bit 6-4   : FAMID
 * Bit 3-0   : PINID
 *
 * The newer Kinetis series uses the following SDID layout :
 * Bit 31-28 : FAMID
 * Bit 27-24 : SUBFAMID
 * Bit 23-20 : SERIESID
 * Bit 19-16 : SRAMSIZE
 * Bit 15-12 : REVID
 * Bit 6-4   : Reserved (0)
 * Bit 3-0   : PINID
 *
 * We assume that if bits 31-16 are 0 then it's an older
 * K-series MCU.
 */
 
#define KINETIS_SOPT1_RAMSIZE_MASK  0x0000F000
#define KINETIS_SOPT1_RAMSIZE_K24FN1M 0x0000B000
 
#define KINETIS_SDID_K_SERIES_MASK  0x0000FFFF
 
#define KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_MASK 0x00000F80
 
#define KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K22FN128 0x00000680 /* smaller pflash with FTFA */
#define KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K22FN256 0x00000A80
#define KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K22FN512 0x00000E80
#define KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K24FN256 0x00000700
 
#define KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K24FN1M  0x00000300 /* Detect Errata 7534 */
 
/* We can't rely solely on the FAMID field to determine the MCU
 * type since some FAMID values identify multiple MCUs with
 * different flash sector sizes (K20 and K22 for instance).
 * Therefore we combine it with the DIEID bits which may possibly
 * break if Freescale bumps the DIEID for a particular MCU. */
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_TYPE_MASK 0x00000FF0
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M50   0x00000000
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M72   0x00000080
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M100  0x00000100
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M120  0x00000180
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K11       0x00000220
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K12       0x00000200
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M50   0x00000010
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M72   0x00000090
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M100  0x00000110
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M120  0x00000190
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K21_M50   0x00000230
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K21_M120  0x00000330
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K22_M50   0x00000210
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K22_M120  0x00000310
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K30_M72   0x000000A0
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K30_M100  0x00000120
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K40_M72   0x000000B0
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K40_M100  0x00000130
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K50_M72   0x000000E0
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K51_M72   0x000000F0
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K53       0x00000170
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K60_M100  0x00000140
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K60_M150  0x000001C0
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K70_M150  0x000001D0
 
#define KINETIS_K_REVID_MASK    0x0000F000
#define KINETIS_K_REVID_SHIFT   12
 
#define KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_MASK 0x00F00000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_K   0x00000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_KL   0x00100000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_KE   0x00200000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_KW   0x00500000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_KV   0x00600000
 
#define KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_SHIFT 24
#define KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_MASK  0x0F000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX0   0x00000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX1   0x01000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX2   0x02000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX3   0x03000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX4   0x04000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX5   0x05000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX6   0x06000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX7   0x07000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX8   0x08000000
 
#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_SHIFT 28
#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_MASK  0xF0000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K0X   0x00000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K1X   0x10000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K2X   0x20000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K3X   0x30000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K4X   0x40000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K5X   0x50000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K6X   0x60000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K7X   0x70000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K8X   0x80000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_KL8X  0x90000000
 
/* The field originally named DIEID has new name/meaning on KE1x */
#define KINETIS_SDID_PROJECTID_MASK  KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_MASK
#define KINETIS_SDID_PROJECTID_KE1XF 0x00000080
#define KINETIS_SDID_PROJECTID_KE1XZ 0x00000100
 
/* The S32K series uses a different, incompatible SDID layout :
 * Bit 31-28 : GENERATION
 * Bit 27-24 : SUBSERIES
 * Bit 23-20 : DERIVATE
 * Bit 19-16 : RAMSIZE
 * Bit 15-12 : REVID
 * Bit 11-8  : PACKAGE
 * Bit 7-0   : FEATURES
 */
 
#define KINETIS_SDID_S32K_SERIES_MASK   0xFF000000  /* GENERATION + SUBSERIES */
#define KINETIS_SDID_S32K_SERIES_K11X   0x11000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_S32K_SERIES_K14X   0x14000000
 
#define KINETIS_SDID_S32K_DERIVATE_MASK 0x00F00000
#define KINETIS_SDID_S32K_DERIVATE_KXX2 0x00200000
#define KINETIS_SDID_S32K_DERIVATE_KXX3 0x00300000
#define KINETIS_SDID_S32K_DERIVATE_KXX4 0x00400000
#define KINETIS_SDID_S32K_DERIVATE_KXX5 0x00500000
#define KINETIS_SDID_S32K_DERIVATE_KXX6 0x00600000
#define KINETIS_SDID_S32K_DERIVATE_KXX8 0x00800000
 
struct kinetis_flash_bank {
    struct kinetis_chip *k_chip;
    bool probed;
    unsigned bank_number;       /* bank number in particular chip */
    struct flash_bank *bank;
 
    uint32_t sector_size;
    uint32_t protection_size;
    uint32_t prog_base;     /* base address for FTFx operations */
                    /* usually same as bank->base for pflash, differs for FlexNVM */
    uint32_t protection_block;  /* number of first protection block in this bank */
 
    enum {
        FC_AUTO = 0,
        FC_PFLASH,
        FC_FLEX_NVM,
        FC_FLEX_RAM,
    } flash_class;
};
 
#define KINETIS_MAX_BANKS 4u
 
struct kinetis_chip {
    struct target *target;
    bool probed;
 
    uint32_t sim_sdid;
    uint32_t sim_fcfg1;
    uint32_t sim_fcfg2;
    uint32_t fcfg2_maxaddr0_shifted;
    uint32_t fcfg2_maxaddr1_shifted;
 
    unsigned num_pflash_blocks, num_nvm_blocks;
    unsigned pflash_sector_size, nvm_sector_size;
    unsigned max_flash_prog_size;
 
    uint32_t pflash_base;
    uint32_t pflash_size;
    uint32_t nvm_base;
    uint32_t nvm_size;      /* whole FlexNVM */
    uint32_t dflash_size;       /* accessible rest of FlexNVM if EEPROM backup uses part of FlexNVM */
 
    uint32_t progr_accel_ram;
    uint32_t sim_base;
 
    enum {
          CT_KINETIS = 0,
          CT_S32K,
    } chip_type;
 
    enum {
        FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR = 1,
        FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD = 2,
        FS_PROGRAM_PHRASE = 4,      /* Unsupported */
 
        FS_NO_CMD_BLOCKSTAT = 0x40,
        FS_WIDTH_256BIT = 0x80,
        FS_ECC = 0x100,
    } flash_support;
 
    enum {
        KINETIS_CACHE_NONE,
        KINETIS_CACHE_K,    /* invalidate using FMC->PFB0CR/PFB01CR */
        KINETIS_CACHE_L,    /* invalidate using MCM->PLACR */
        KINETIS_CACHE_MSCM, /* devices like KE1xF, invalidate MSCM->OCMDR0 */
        KINETIS_CACHE_MSCM2,    /* devices like S32K, invalidate MSCM->OCMDR0 and MSCM->OCMDR1 */
    } cache_type;
 
    enum {
        KINETIS_WDOG_NONE,
        KINETIS_WDOG_K,
        KINETIS_WDOG_COP,
        KINETIS_WDOG32_KE1X,
        KINETIS_WDOG32_KL28,
    } watchdog_type;
 
    enum {
        KINETIS_SMC,
        KINETIS_SMC32,
        KINETIS_MC,
    } sysmodectrlr_type;
 
    char name[40];
 
    unsigned num_banks;
    struct kinetis_flash_bank banks[KINETIS_MAX_BANKS];
};
 
struct kinetis_type {
    uint32_t sdid;
    char *name;
};
 
static const struct kinetis_type kinetis_types_old[] = {
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M50,  "MK10D%s5" },
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M72,  "MK10D%s7" },
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M100, "MK10D%s10" },
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M120, "MK10F%s12" },
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K11,      "MK11D%s5" },
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K12,      "MK12D%s5" },
 
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M50,  "MK20D%s5" },
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M72,  "MK20D%s7" },
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M100, "MK20D%s10" },
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M120, "MK20F%s12" },
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K21_M50,  "MK21D%s5" },
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K21_M120, "MK21F%s12" },
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K22_M50,  "MK22D%s5" },
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K22_M120, "MK22F%s12" },
 
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K30_M72,  "MK30D%s7" },
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K30_M100, "MK30D%s10" },
 
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K40_M72,  "MK40D%s7" },
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K40_M100, "MK40D%s10" },
 
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K50_M72,  "MK50D%s7" },
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K51_M72,  "MK51D%s7" },
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K53,      "MK53D%s10" },
 
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K60_M100, "MK60D%s10" },
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K60_M150, "MK60F%s15" },
 
    { KINETIS_K_SDID_K70_M150, "MK70F%s15" },
};
 
 
#define MDM_AP          1
 
#define MDM_REG_STAT        0x00
#define MDM_REG_CTRL        0x04
#define MDM_REG_ID      0xfc
 
#define MDM_STAT_FMEACK     (1<<0)
#define MDM_STAT_FREADY     (1<<1)
#define MDM_STAT_SYSSEC     (1<<2)
#define MDM_STAT_SYSRES     (1<<3)
#define MDM_STAT_FMEEN      (1<<5)
#define MDM_STAT_BACKDOOREN (1<<6)
#define MDM_STAT_LPEN       (1<<7)
#define MDM_STAT_VLPEN      (1<<8)
#define MDM_STAT_LLSMODEXIT (1<<9)
#define MDM_STAT_VLLSXMODEXIT   (1<<10)
#define MDM_STAT_CORE_HALTED    (1<<16)
#define MDM_STAT_CORE_SLEEPDEEP (1<<17)
#define MDM_STAT_CORESLEEPING   (1<<18)
 
#define MDM_CTRL_FMEIP      (1<<0)
#define MDM_CTRL_DBG_DIS    (1<<1)
#define MDM_CTRL_DBG_REQ    (1<<2)
#define MDM_CTRL_SYS_RES_REQ    (1<<3)
#define MDM_CTRL_CORE_HOLD_RES  (1<<4)
#define MDM_CTRL_VLLSX_DBG_REQ  (1<<5)
#define MDM_CTRL_VLLSX_DBG_ACK  (1<<6)
#define MDM_CTRL_VLLSX_STAT_ACK (1<<7)
 
#define MDM_ACCESS_TIMEOUT  500 /* msec */
 
 
static bool allow_fcf_writes;
static uint8_t fcf_fopt = 0xff;
static bool create_banks;
 
 
const struct flash_driver kinetis_flash;
static int kinetis_write_inner(struct flash_bank *bank, const uint8_t *buffer,
            uint32_t offset, uint32_t count);
static int kinetis_probe_chip(struct kinetis_chip *k_chip);
static int kinetis_probe_chip_s32k(struct kinetis_chip *k_chip);
static int kinetis_auto_probe(struct flash_bank *bank);
 
 
static int kinetis_mdm_write_register(struct adiv5_dap *dap, unsigned reg, uint32_t value)
{
    LOG_DEBUG("MDM_REG[0x%02x] <- %08" PRIX32, reg, value);
 
    struct adiv5_ap *ap = dap_get_ap(dap, MDM_AP);
    if (!ap) {
        LOG_DEBUG("MDM: failed to get AP");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    int retval = dap_queue_ap_write(ap, reg, value);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_DEBUG("MDM: failed to queue a write request");
        dap_put_ap(ap);
        return retval;
    }
 
    retval = dap_run(dap);
    dap_put_ap(ap);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_DEBUG("MDM: dap_run failed");
        return retval;
    }
 
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int kinetis_mdm_read_register(struct adiv5_dap *dap, unsigned reg, uint32_t *result)
{
    struct adiv5_ap *ap = dap_get_ap(dap, MDM_AP);
    if (!ap) {
        LOG_DEBUG("MDM: failed to get AP");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    int retval = dap_queue_ap_read(ap, reg, result);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_DEBUG("MDM: failed to queue a read request");
        dap_put_ap(ap);
        return retval;
    }
 
    retval = dap_run(dap);
    dap_put_ap(ap);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_DEBUG("MDM: dap_run failed");
        return retval;
    }
 
    LOG_DEBUG("MDM_REG[0x%02x]: %08" PRIX32, reg, *result);
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int kinetis_mdm_poll_register(struct adiv5_dap *dap, unsigned reg,
            uint32_t mask, uint32_t value, uint32_t timeout_ms)
{
    uint32_t val;
    int retval;
    int64_t ms_timeout = timeval_ms() + timeout_ms;
 
    do {
        retval = kinetis_mdm_read_register(dap, reg, &val);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK || (val & mask) == value)
            return retval;
 
        alive_sleep(1);
    } while (timeval_ms() < ms_timeout);
 
    LOG_DEBUG("MDM: polling timed out");
    return ERROR_FAIL;
}
 
/*
 * This command can be used to break a watchdog reset loop when
 * connecting to an unsecured target. Unlike other commands, halt will
 * automatically retry as it does not know how far into the boot process
 * it is when the command is called.
 */
COMMAND_HANDLER(kinetis_mdm_halt)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    struct cortex_m_common *cortex_m = target_to_cm(target);
    struct adiv5_dap *dap = cortex_m->armv7m.arm.dap;
    int retval;
    int tries = 0;
    uint32_t stat;
    int64_t ms_timeout = timeval_ms() + MDM_ACCESS_TIMEOUT;
 
    if (!dap) {
        LOG_ERROR("Cannot perform halt with a high-level adapter");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    while (true) {
        tries++;
 
        kinetis_mdm_write_register(dap, MDM_REG_CTRL, MDM_CTRL_CORE_HOLD_RES);
 
        alive_sleep(1);
 
        retval = kinetis_mdm_read_register(dap, MDM_REG_STAT, &stat);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_DEBUG("MDM: failed to read MDM_REG_STAT");
            continue;
        }
 
        /* Repeat setting MDM_CTRL_CORE_HOLD_RES until system is out of
         * reset with flash ready and without security
         */
        if ((stat & (MDM_STAT_FREADY | MDM_STAT_SYSSEC | MDM_STAT_SYSRES))
                == (MDM_STAT_FREADY | MDM_STAT_SYSRES))
            break;
 
        if (timeval_ms() >= ms_timeout) {
            LOG_ERROR("MDM: halt timed out");
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
    }
 
    LOG_DEBUG("MDM: halt succeeded after %d attempts.", tries);
 
    target_poll(target);
    /* enable polling in case kinetis_check_flash_security_status disabled it */
    jtag_poll_set_enabled(true);
 
    alive_sleep(100);
 
    target->reset_halt = true;
    target->type->assert_reset(target);
 
    retval = kinetis_mdm_write_register(dap, MDM_REG_CTRL, 0);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("MDM: failed to clear MDM_REG_CTRL");
        return retval;
    }
 
    target->type->deassert_reset(target);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(kinetis_mdm_reset)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    struct cortex_m_common *cortex_m = target_to_cm(target);
    struct adiv5_dap *dap = cortex_m->armv7m.arm.dap;
    int retval;
 
    if (!dap) {
        LOG_ERROR("Cannot perform reset with a high-level adapter");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    retval = kinetis_mdm_write_register(dap, MDM_REG_CTRL, MDM_CTRL_SYS_RES_REQ);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("MDM: failed to write MDM_REG_CTRL");
        return retval;
    }
 
    retval = kinetis_mdm_poll_register(dap, MDM_REG_STAT, MDM_STAT_SYSRES, 0, 500);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("MDM: failed to assert reset");
        return retval;
    }
 
    retval = kinetis_mdm_write_register(dap, MDM_REG_CTRL, 0);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("MDM: failed to clear MDM_REG_CTRL");
        return retval;
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
/*
 * This function implements the procedure to mass erase the flash via
 * SWD/JTAG on Kinetis K and L series of devices as it is described in
 * AN4835 "Production Flash Programming Best Practices for Kinetis K-
 * and L-series MCUs" Section 4.2.1. To prevent a watchdog reset loop,
 * the core remains halted after this function completes as suggested
 * by the application note.
 */
COMMAND_HANDLER(kinetis_mdm_mass_erase)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    struct cortex_m_common *cortex_m = target_to_cm(target);
    struct adiv5_dap *dap = cortex_m->armv7m.arm.dap;
 
    if (!dap) {
        LOG_ERROR("Cannot perform mass erase with a high-level adapter");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    int retval;
 
    /*
     * ... Power on the processor, or if power has already been
     * applied, assert the RESET pin to reset the processor. For
     * devices that do not have a RESET pin, write the System
     * Reset Request bit in the MDM-AP control register after
     * establishing communication...
     */
 
    /* assert SRST if configured */
    bool has_srst = jtag_get_reset_config() & RESET_HAS_SRST;
    if (has_srst)
        adapter_assert_reset();
 
    retval = kinetis_mdm_write_register(dap, MDM_REG_CTRL, MDM_CTRL_SYS_RES_REQ);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK && !has_srst) {
        LOG_ERROR("MDM: failed to assert reset");
        goto deassert_reset_and_exit;
    }
 
    /*
     * ... Read the MDM-AP status register repeatedly and wait for
     * stable conditions suitable for mass erase:
     * - mass erase is enabled
     * - flash is ready
     * - reset is finished
     *
     * Mass erase is started as soon as all conditions are met in 32
     * subsequent status reads.
     *
     * In case of not stable conditions (RESET/WDOG loop in secured device)
     * the user is asked for manual pressing of RESET button
     * as a last resort.
     */
    int cnt_mass_erase_disabled = 0;
    int cnt_ready = 0;
    int64_t ms_start = timeval_ms();
    bool man_reset_requested = false;
 
    do {
        uint32_t stat = 0;
        int64_t ms_elapsed = timeval_ms() - ms_start;
 
        if (!man_reset_requested && ms_elapsed > 100) {
            LOG_INFO("MDM: Press RESET button now if possible.");
            man_reset_requested = true;
        }
 
        if (ms_elapsed > 3000) {
            LOG_ERROR("MDM: waiting for mass erase conditions timed out.");
            LOG_INFO("Mass erase of a secured MCU is not possible without hardware reset.");
            LOG_INFO("Connect SRST, use 'reset_config srst_only' and retry.");
            goto deassert_reset_and_exit;
        }
        retval = kinetis_mdm_read_register(dap, MDM_REG_STAT, &stat);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            cnt_ready = 0;
            continue;
        }
 
        if (!(stat & MDM_STAT_FMEEN)) {
            cnt_ready = 0;
            cnt_mass_erase_disabled++;
            if (cnt_mass_erase_disabled > 10) {
                LOG_ERROR("MDM: mass erase is disabled");
                goto deassert_reset_and_exit;
            }
            continue;
        }
 
        if ((stat & (MDM_STAT_FREADY | MDM_STAT_SYSRES)) == MDM_STAT_FREADY)
            cnt_ready++;
        else
            cnt_ready = 0;
 
    } while (cnt_ready < 32);
 
    /*
     * ... Write the MDM-AP control register to set the Flash Mass
     * Erase in Progress bit. This will start the mass erase
     * process...
     */
    retval = kinetis_mdm_write_register(dap, MDM_REG_CTRL, MDM_CTRL_SYS_RES_REQ | MDM_CTRL_FMEIP);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("MDM: failed to start mass erase");
        goto deassert_reset_and_exit;
    }
 
    /*
     * ... Read the MDM-AP control register until the Flash Mass
     * Erase in Progress bit clears...
     * Data sheed defines erase time <3.6 sec/512kB flash block.
     * The biggest device has 4 pflash blocks => timeout 16 sec.
     */
    retval = kinetis_mdm_poll_register(dap, MDM_REG_CTRL, MDM_CTRL_FMEIP, 0, 16000);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("MDM: mass erase timeout");
        goto deassert_reset_and_exit;
    }
 
    target_poll(target);
    /* enable polling in case kinetis_check_flash_security_status disabled it */
    jtag_poll_set_enabled(true);
 
    alive_sleep(100);
 
    target->reset_halt = true;
    target->type->assert_reset(target);
 
    /*
     * ... Negate the RESET signal or clear the System Reset Request
     * bit in the MDM-AP control register.
     */
    retval = kinetis_mdm_write_register(dap, MDM_REG_CTRL, 0);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        LOG_ERROR("MDM: failed to clear MDM_REG_CTRL");
 
    target->type->deassert_reset(target);
 
    return retval;
 
deassert_reset_and_exit:
    kinetis_mdm_write_register(dap, MDM_REG_CTRL, 0);
    if (has_srst)
        adapter_deassert_reset();
    return retval;
}
 
static const uint32_t kinetis_known_mdm_ids[] = {
    0x001C0000, /* Kinetis-K Series */
    0x001C0020, /* Kinetis-L/M/V/E Series */
    0x001C0030, /* Kinetis with a Cortex-M7, in time of writing KV58 */
};
 
/*
 * This function implements the procedure to connect to
 * SWD/JTAG on Kinetis K and L series of devices as it is described in
 * AN4835 "Production Flash Programming Best Practices for Kinetis K-
 * and L-series MCUs" Section 4.1.1
 */
COMMAND_HANDLER(kinetis_check_flash_security_status)
{
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    struct cortex_m_common *cortex_m = target_to_cm(target);
    struct adiv5_dap *dap = cortex_m->armv7m.arm.dap;
 
    if (!dap) {
        LOG_WARNING("Cannot check flash security status with a high-level adapter");
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    if (!dap->ops)
        return ERROR_OK;    /* too early to check, in JTAG mode ops may not be initialised */
 
    uint32_t val;
    int retval;
 
    /*
     * ... The MDM-AP ID register can be read to verify that the
     * connection is working correctly...
     */
    retval = kinetis_mdm_read_register(dap, MDM_REG_ID, &val);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("MDM: failed to read ID register");
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    if (val == 0)
        return ERROR_OK;    /* dap not yet initialised */
 
    bool found = false;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(kinetis_known_mdm_ids); i++) {
        if (val == kinetis_known_mdm_ids[i]) {
            found = true;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    if (!found)
        LOG_WARNING("MDM: unknown ID %08" PRIX32, val);
 
    /*
     * ... Read the System Security bit to determine if security is enabled.
     * If System Security = 0, then proceed. If System Security = 1, then
     * communication with the internals of the processor, including the
     * flash, will not be possible without issuing a mass erase command or
     * unsecuring the part through other means (backdoor key unlock)...
     */
    retval = kinetis_mdm_read_register(dap, MDM_REG_STAT, &val);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("MDM: failed to read MDM_REG_STAT");
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
 
    /*
     * System Security bit is also active for short time during reset.
     * If a MCU has blank flash and runs in RESET/WDOG loop,
     * System Security bit is active most of time!
     * We should observe Flash Ready bit and read status several times
     * to avoid false detection of secured MCU
     */
    int secured_score = 0, flash_not_ready_score = 0;
 
    if ((val & (MDM_STAT_SYSSEC | MDM_STAT_FREADY)) != MDM_STAT_FREADY) {
        uint32_t stats[32];
        struct adiv5_ap *ap = dap_get_ap(dap, MDM_AP);
        if (!ap) {
            LOG_ERROR("MDM: failed to get AP");
            return ERROR_OK;
        }
 
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
            stats[i] = MDM_STAT_FREADY;
            dap_queue_ap_read(ap, MDM_REG_STAT, &stats[i]);
        }
        retval = dap_run(dap);
        dap_put_ap(ap);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_DEBUG("MDM: dap_run failed when validating secured state");
            return ERROR_OK;
        }
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
            if (stats[i] & MDM_STAT_SYSSEC)
                secured_score++;
            if (!(stats[i] & MDM_STAT_FREADY))
                flash_not_ready_score++;
        }
    }
 
    if (flash_not_ready_score <= 8 && secured_score > 24) {
        jtag_poll_set_enabled(false);
 
        LOG_WARNING("*********** ATTENTION! ATTENTION! ATTENTION! ATTENTION! **********");
        LOG_WARNING("****                                                          ****");
        LOG_WARNING("**** Your Kinetis MCU is in secured state, which means that,  ****");
        LOG_WARNING("**** with exception for very basic communication, JTAG/SWD    ****");
        LOG_WARNING("**** interface will NOT work. In order to restore its         ****");
        LOG_WARNING("**** functionality please issue 'kinetis mdm mass_erase'      ****");
        LOG_WARNING("**** command, power cycle the MCU and restart OpenOCD.        ****");
        LOG_WARNING("****                                                          ****");
        LOG_WARNING("*********** ATTENTION! ATTENTION! ATTENTION! ATTENTION! **********");
 
    } else if (flash_not_ready_score > 24) {
        jtag_poll_set_enabled(false);
        LOG_WARNING("**** Your Kinetis MCU is probably locked-up in RESET/WDOG loop. ****");
        LOG_WARNING("**** Common reason is a blank flash (at least a reset vector).  ****");
        LOG_WARNING("**** Issue 'kinetis mdm halt' command or if SRST is connected   ****");
        LOG_WARNING("**** and configured, use 'reset halt'                           ****");
        LOG_WARNING("**** If MCU cannot be halted, it is likely secured and running  ****");
        LOG_WARNING("**** in RESET/WDOG loop. Issue 'kinetis mdm mass_erase'         ****");
 
    } else {
        LOG_INFO("MDM: Chip is unsecured. Continuing.");
        jtag_poll_set_enabled(true);
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
 
static struct kinetis_chip *kinetis_get_chip(struct target *target)
{
    struct flash_bank *bank_iter;
    struct kinetis_flash_bank *k_bank;
 
    /* iterate over all kinetis banks */
    for (bank_iter = flash_bank_list(); bank_iter; bank_iter = bank_iter->next) {
        if (bank_iter->driver != &kinetis_flash
            || bank_iter->target != target)
            continue;
 
        k_bank = bank_iter->driver_priv;
        if (!k_bank)
            continue;
 
        if (k_bank->k_chip)
            return k_bank->k_chip;
    }
    return NULL;
}
 
static int kinetis_chip_options(struct kinetis_chip *k_chip, int argc, const char *argv[])
{
    for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
        if (strcmp(argv[i], "-sim-base") == 0) {
            if (i + 1 < argc)
                k_chip->sim_base = strtoul(argv[++i], NULL, 0);
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-s32k") == 0) {
            k_chip->chip_type = CT_S32K;
        } else
            LOG_ERROR("Unsupported flash bank option %s", argv[i]);
    }
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
FLASH_BANK_COMMAND_HANDLER(kinetis_flash_bank_command)
{
    struct target *target = bank->target;
    struct kinetis_chip *k_chip;
    struct kinetis_flash_bank *k_bank;
    int retval;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC < 6)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    LOG_INFO("add flash_bank kinetis %s", bank->name);
 
    k_chip = kinetis_get_chip(target);
 
    if (!k_chip) {
        k_chip = calloc(sizeof(struct kinetis_chip), 1);
        if (!k_chip) {
            LOG_ERROR("No memory");
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        k_chip->target = target;
 
        /* only the first defined bank can define chip options */
        retval = kinetis_chip_options(k_chip, CMD_ARGC - 6, CMD_ARGV + 6);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            return retval;
    }
 
    if (k_chip->num_banks >= KINETIS_MAX_BANKS) {
        LOG_ERROR("Only %u Kinetis flash banks are supported", KINETIS_MAX_BANKS);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    bank->driver_priv = k_bank = &(k_chip->banks[k_chip->num_banks]);
    k_bank->k_chip = k_chip;
    k_bank->bank_number = k_chip->num_banks;
    k_bank->bank = bank;
    k_chip->num_banks++;
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
 
static void kinetis_free_driver_priv(struct flash_bank *bank)
{
    struct kinetis_flash_bank *k_bank = bank->driver_priv;
    if (!k_bank)
        return;
 
    struct kinetis_chip *k_chip = k_bank->k_chip;
    if (!k_chip)
        return;
 
    k_chip->num_banks--;
    if (k_chip->num_banks == 0)
        free(k_chip);
}
 
 
static int kinetis_create_missing_banks(struct kinetis_chip *k_chip)
{
    unsigned num_blocks;
    struct kinetis_flash_bank *k_bank;
    struct flash_bank *bank;
    char base_name[69], name[87], num[11];
    char *class, *p;
 
    num_blocks = k_chip->num_pflash_blocks + k_chip->num_nvm_blocks;
    if (num_blocks > KINETIS_MAX_BANKS) {
        LOG_ERROR("Only %u Kinetis flash banks are supported", KINETIS_MAX_BANKS);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    bank = k_chip->banks[0].bank;
    if (bank && bank->name) {
        strncpy(base_name, bank->name, sizeof(base_name) - 1);
        base_name[sizeof(base_name) - 1] = '\0';
        p = strstr(base_name, ".pflash");
        if (p) {
            *p = '\0';
            if (k_chip->num_pflash_blocks > 1) {
                /* rename first bank if numbering is needed */
                snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s.pflash0", base_name);
                free(bank->name);
                bank->name = strdup(name);
            }
        }
    } else {
        strncpy(base_name, target_name(k_chip->target), sizeof(base_name) - 1);
        base_name[sizeof(base_name) - 1] = '\0';
        p = strstr(base_name, ".cpu");
        if (p)
            *p = '\0';
    }
 
    for (unsigned int bank_idx = 1; bank_idx < num_blocks; bank_idx++) {
        k_bank = &(k_chip->banks[bank_idx]);
        bank = k_bank->bank;
 
        if (bank)
            continue;
 
        num[0] = '\0';
 
        if (bank_idx < k_chip->num_pflash_blocks) {
            class = "pflash";
            if (k_chip->num_pflash_blocks > 1)
                snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%u", bank_idx);
        } else {
            class = "flexnvm";
            if (k_chip->num_nvm_blocks > 1)
                snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%u",
                     bank_idx - k_chip->num_pflash_blocks);
        }
 
        bank = calloc(sizeof(struct flash_bank), 1);
        if (!bank)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
 
        bank->target = k_chip->target;
        bank->driver = &kinetis_flash;
        bank->default_padded_value = bank->erased_value = 0xff;
 
        snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s.%s%s",
             base_name, class, num);
        bank->name = strdup(name);
 
        bank->driver_priv = k_bank = &(k_chip->banks[k_chip->num_banks]);
        k_bank->k_chip = k_chip;
        k_bank->bank_number = bank_idx;
        k_bank->bank = bank;
        if (k_chip->num_banks <= bank_idx)
            k_chip->num_banks = bank_idx + 1;
 
        flash_bank_add(bank);
    }
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
 
static int kinetis_disable_wdog_algo(struct target *target, size_t code_size, const uint8_t *code, uint32_t wdog_base)
{
    struct working_area *wdog_algorithm;
    struct armv7m_algorithm armv7m_info;
    struct reg_param reg_params[1];
    int retval;
 
    if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not halted");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
    }
 
    retval = target_alloc_working_area(target, code_size, &wdog_algorithm);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    retval = target_write_buffer(target, wdog_algorithm->address,
            code_size, code);
    if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
        armv7m_info.common_magic = ARMV7M_COMMON_MAGIC;
        armv7m_info.core_mode = ARM_MODE_THREAD;
 
        init_reg_param(&reg_params[0], "r0", 32, PARAM_OUT);
        buf_set_u32(reg_params[0].value, 0, 32, wdog_base);
 
        retval = target_run_algorithm(target, 0, NULL, 1, reg_params,
            wdog_algorithm->address,
            wdog_algorithm->address + code_size - 2,
            500, &armv7m_info);
 
        destroy_reg_param(&reg_params[0]);
 
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            LOG_ERROR("Error executing Kinetis WDOG unlock algorithm");
    }
 
    target_free_working_area(target, wdog_algorithm);
 
    return retval;
}
 
/* Disable the watchdog on Kinetis devices
 * Standard Kx WDOG peripheral checks timing and therefore requires to run algo.
 */
static int kinetis_disable_wdog_kx(struct target *target)
{
    const uint32_t wdog_base = WDOG_BASE;
    uint16_t wdog;
    int retval;
 
    static const uint8_t kinetis_unlock_wdog_code[] = {
#include "../../../contrib/loaders/watchdog/armv7m_kinetis_wdog.inc"
    };
 
    retval = target_read_u16(target, wdog_base + WDOG_STCTRLH_OFFSET, &wdog);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    if ((wdog & 0x1) == 0) {
        /* watchdog already disabled */
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
    LOG_INFO("Disabling Kinetis watchdog (initial WDOG_STCTRLH = 0x%04" PRIx16 ")", wdog);
 
    retval = kinetis_disable_wdog_algo(target, sizeof(kinetis_unlock_wdog_code), kinetis_unlock_wdog_code, wdog_base);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    retval = target_read_u16(target, wdog_base + WDOG_STCTRLH_OFFSET, &wdog);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    LOG_INFO("WDOG_STCTRLH = 0x%04" PRIx16, wdog);
    return (wdog & 0x1) ? ERROR_FAIL : ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int kinetis_disable_wdog32(struct target *target, uint32_t wdog_base)
{
    uint32_t wdog_cs;
    int retval;
 
    static const uint8_t kinetis_unlock_wdog_code[] = {
#include "../../../contrib/loaders/watchdog/armv7m_kinetis_wdog32.inc"
    };
 
    retval = target_read_u32(target, wdog_base + WDOG32_CS_OFFSET, &wdog_cs);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    if ((wdog_cs & 0x80) == 0)
        return ERROR_OK; /* watchdog already disabled */
 
    LOG_INFO("Disabling Kinetis watchdog (initial WDOG_CS 0x%08" PRIx32 ")", wdog_cs);
 
    retval = kinetis_disable_wdog_algo(target, sizeof(kinetis_unlock_wdog_code), kinetis_unlock_wdog_code, wdog_base);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    retval = target_read_u32(target, wdog_base + WDOG32_CS_OFFSET, &wdog_cs);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    if ((wdog_cs & 0x80) == 0)
        return ERROR_OK; /* watchdog disabled successfully */
 
    LOG_ERROR("Cannot disable Kinetis watchdog (WDOG_CS 0x%08" PRIx32 "), issue 'reset init'", wdog_cs);
    return ERROR_FAIL;
}
 
static int kinetis_disable_wdog(struct kinetis_chip *k_chip)
{
    struct target *target = k_chip->target;
    uint8_t sim_copc;
    int retval;
 
    if (!k_chip->probed) {
        switch (k_chip->chip_type) {
        case CT_S32K:
            retval = kinetis_probe_chip_s32k(k_chip);
            break;
        default:
            retval = kinetis_probe_chip(k_chip);
        }
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            return retval;
    }
 
    switch (k_chip->watchdog_type) {
    case KINETIS_WDOG_K:
        return kinetis_disable_wdog_kx(target);
 
    case KINETIS_WDOG_COP:
        retval = target_read_u8(target, SIM_COPC, &sim_copc);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            return retval;
 
        if ((sim_copc & 0xc) == 0)
            return ERROR_OK; /* watchdog already disabled */
 
        LOG_INFO("Disabling Kinetis watchdog (initial SIM_COPC 0x%02" PRIx8 ")", sim_copc);
        retval = target_write_u8(target, SIM_COPC, sim_copc & ~0xc);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            return retval;
 
        retval = target_read_u8(target, SIM_COPC, &sim_copc);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
            return retval;
 
        if ((sim_copc & 0xc) == 0)
            return ERROR_OK; /* watchdog disabled successfully */
 
        LOG_ERROR("Cannot disable Kinetis watchdog (SIM_COPC 0x%02" PRIx8 "), issue 'reset init'", sim_copc);
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    case KINETIS_WDOG32_KE1X:
        return kinetis_disable_wdog32(target, WDOG32_KE1X);
 
    case KINETIS_WDOG32_KL28:
        return kinetis_disable_wdog32(target, WDOG32_KL28);
 
    default:
        return ERROR_OK;
    }
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(kinetis_disable_wdog_handler)
{
    int result;
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    struct kinetis_chip *k_chip = kinetis_get_chip(target);
 
    if (!k_chip)
        return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC > 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    result = kinetis_disable_wdog(k_chip);
    return result;
}
 
 
static int kinetis_ftfx_decode_error(uint8_t fstat)
{
    if (fstat & 0x20) {
        LOG_ERROR("Flash operation failed, illegal command");
        return ERROR_FLASH_OPER_UNSUPPORTED;
 
    } else if (fstat & 0x10)
        LOG_ERROR("Flash operation failed, protection violated");
 
    else if (fstat & 0x40)
        LOG_ERROR("Flash operation failed, read collision");
 
    else if (fstat & 0x80)
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    else
        LOG_ERROR("Flash operation timed out");
 
    return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
}
 
static int kinetis_ftfx_clear_error(struct target *target)
{
    /* reset error flags */
    return target_write_u8(target, FTFX_FSTAT, 0x70);
}
 
 
static int kinetis_ftfx_prepare(struct target *target)
{
    int result;
    uint8_t fstat;
 
    /* wait until busy */
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
        result = target_read_u8(target, FTFX_FSTAT, &fstat);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
            return result;
 
        if (fstat & 0x80)
            break;
    }
 
    if ((fstat & 0x80) == 0) {
        LOG_ERROR("Flash controller is busy");
        return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
    }
    if (fstat != 0x80) {
        /* reset error flags */
        result = kinetis_ftfx_clear_error(target);
    }
    return result;
}
 
/* Kinetis Program-LongWord Microcodes */
static const uint8_t kinetis_flash_write_code[] = {
#include "../../../contrib/loaders/flash/kinetis/kinetis_flash.inc"
};
 
/* Program LongWord Block Write */
static int kinetis_write_block(struct flash_bank *bank, const uint8_t *buffer,
        uint32_t offset, uint32_t wcount)
{
    struct target *target = bank->target;
    uint32_t buffer_size;
    struct working_area *write_algorithm;
    struct working_area *source;
    struct kinetis_flash_bank *k_bank = bank->driver_priv;
    uint32_t address = k_bank->prog_base + offset;
    uint32_t end_address;
    struct reg_param reg_params[5];
    struct armv7m_algorithm armv7m_info;
    int retval;
    uint8_t fstat;
 
    /* allocate working area with flash programming code */
    if (target_alloc_working_area(target, sizeof(kinetis_flash_write_code),
            &write_algorithm) != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_WARNING("no working area available, can't do block memory writes");
        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
    }
 
    retval = target_write_buffer(target, write_algorithm->address,
        sizeof(kinetis_flash_write_code), kinetis_flash_write_code);
    if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        return retval;
 
    /* memory buffer, size *must* be multiple of word */
    buffer_size = target_get_working_area_avail(target) & ~(sizeof(uint32_t) - 1);
    if (buffer_size < 256) {
        LOG_WARNING("large enough working area not available, can't do block memory writes");
        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
    } else if (buffer_size > 16384) {
        /* probably won't benefit from more than 16k ... */
        buffer_size = 16384;
    }
 
    if (target_alloc_working_area(target, buffer_size, &source) != ERROR_OK) {
        LOG_ERROR("allocating working area failed");
        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
    }
 
    armv7m_info.common_magic = ARMV7M_COMMON_MAGIC;
    armv7m_info.core_mode = ARM_MODE_THREAD;
 
    init_reg_param(&reg_params[0], "r0", 32, PARAM_IN_OUT); /* address */
    init_reg_param(&reg_params[1], "r1", 32, PARAM_OUT); /* word count */
    init_reg_param(&reg_params[2], "r2", 32, PARAM_OUT);
    init_reg_param(&reg_params[3], "r3", 32, PARAM_OUT);
    init_reg_param(&reg_params[4], "r4", 32, PARAM_OUT);
 
    buf_set_u32(reg_params[0].value, 0, 32, address);
    buf_set_u32(reg_params[1].value, 0, 32, wcount);
    buf_set_u32(reg_params[2].value, 0, 32, source->address);
    buf_set_u32(reg_params[3].value, 0, 32, source->address + source->size);
    buf_set_u32(reg_params[4].value, 0, 32, FTFX_FSTAT);
 
    retval = target_run_flash_async_algorithm(target, buffer, wcount, 4,
                        0, NULL,
                        5, reg_params,
                        source->address, source->size,
                        write_algorithm->address, 0,
                        &armv7m_info);
 
    if (retval == ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED) {
        end_address = buf_get_u32(reg_params[0].value, 0, 32);
 
        LOG_ERROR("Error writing flash at %08" PRIx32, end_address);
 
        retval = target_read_u8(target, FTFX_FSTAT, &fstat);
        if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
            retval = kinetis_ftfx_decode_error(fstat);
 
            /* reset error flags */
            target_write_u8(target, FTFX_FSTAT, 0x70);
        }
    } else if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        LOG_ERROR("Error executing kinetis Flash programming algorithm");
 
    target_free_working_area(target, source);
    target_free_working_area(target, write_algorithm);
 
    destroy_reg_param(&reg_params[0]);
    destroy_reg_param(&reg_params[1]);
    destroy_reg_param(&reg_params[2]);
    destroy_reg_param(&reg_params[3]);
    destroy_reg_param(&reg_params[4]);
 
    return retval;
}
 
static int kinetis_protect(struct flash_bank *bank, int set, unsigned int first,
        unsigned int last)
{
    if (allow_fcf_writes) {
        LOG_ERROR("Protection setting is possible with 'kinetis fcf_source protection' only!");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (!bank->prot_blocks || bank->num_prot_blocks == 0) {
        LOG_ERROR("No protection possible for current bank!");
        return ERROR_FLASH_BANK_INVALID;
    }
 
    for (unsigned int i = first; i < bank->num_prot_blocks && i <= last; i++)
        bank->prot_blocks[i].is_protected = set;
 
    LOG_INFO("Protection bits will be written at the next FCF sector erase or write.");
    LOG_INFO("Do not issue 'flash info' command until protection is written,");
    LOG_INFO("doing so would re-read protection status from MCU.");
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int kinetis_protect_check(struct flash_bank *bank)
{
    struct kinetis_flash_bank *k_bank = bank->driver_priv;
    int result;
    int b;
    uint32_t fprot;
 
    if (k_bank->flash_class == FC_PFLASH) {
 
        /* read protection register */
        result = target_read_u32(bank->target, FTFX_FPROT3, &fprot);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
            return result;
 
        /* Every bit protects 1/32 of the full flash (not necessarily just this bank) */
 
    } else if (k_bank->flash_class == FC_FLEX_NVM) {
        uint8_t fdprot;
 
        /* read protection register */
        result = target_read_u8(bank->target, FTFX_FDPROT, &fdprot);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
            return result;
 
        fprot = fdprot;
 
    } else {
        LOG_ERROR("Protection checks for FlexRAM not supported");
        return ERROR_FLASH_BANK_INVALID;
    }
 
    b = k_bank->protection_block;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < bank->num_prot_blocks; i++) {
        if ((fprot >> b) & 1)
            bank->prot_blocks[i].is_protected = 0;
        else
            bank->prot_blocks[i].is_protected = 1;
 
        b++;
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
 
static int kinetis_fill_fcf(struct flash_bank *bank, uint8_t *fcf)
{
    uint32_t fprot = 0xffffffff;
    uint8_t fsec = 0xfe;         /* set MCU unsecure */
    uint8_t fdprot = 0xff;
    unsigned num_blocks;
    uint32_t pflash_bit;
    uint8_t dflash_bit;
    struct flash_bank *bank_iter;
    struct kinetis_flash_bank *k_bank = bank->driver_priv;
    struct kinetis_chip *k_chip = k_bank->k_chip;
 
    memset(fcf, 0xff, FCF_SIZE);
 
    pflash_bit = 1;
    dflash_bit = 1;
 
    /* iterate over all kinetis banks */
    /* current bank is bank 0, it contains FCF */
    num_blocks = k_chip->num_pflash_blocks + k_chip->num_nvm_blocks;
    for (unsigned int bank_idx = 0; bank_idx < num_blocks; bank_idx++) {
        k_bank = &(k_chip->banks[bank_idx]);
        bank_iter = k_bank->bank;
 
        if (!bank_iter) {
            LOG_WARNING("Missing bank %u configuration, FCF protection flags may be incomplete", bank_idx);
            continue;
        }
 
        kinetis_auto_probe(bank_iter);
 
        assert(bank_iter->prot_blocks);
 
        if (k_bank->flash_class == FC_PFLASH) {
            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < bank_iter->num_prot_blocks; i++) {
                if (bank_iter->prot_blocks[i].is_protected == 1)
                    fprot &= ~pflash_bit;
 
                pflash_bit <<= 1;
            }
 
        } else if (k_bank->flash_class == FC_FLEX_NVM) {
            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < bank_iter->num_prot_blocks; i++) {
                if (bank_iter->prot_blocks[i].is_protected == 1)
                    fdprot &= ~dflash_bit;
 
                dflash_bit <<= 1;
            }
 
        }
    }
 
    target_buffer_set_u32(bank->target, fcf + FCF_FPROT, fprot);
    fcf[FCF_FSEC] = fsec;
    fcf[FCF_FOPT] = fcf_fopt;
    fcf[FCF_FDPROT] = fdprot;
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int kinetis_ftfx_command(struct target *target, uint8_t fcmd, uint32_t faddr,
                uint8_t fccob4, uint8_t fccob5, uint8_t fccob6, uint8_t fccob7,
                uint8_t fccob8, uint8_t fccob9, uint8_t fccoba, uint8_t fccobb,
                uint8_t *ftfx_fstat)
{
    uint8_t command[12] = {faddr & 0xff, (faddr >> 8) & 0xff, (faddr >> 16) & 0xff, fcmd,
            fccob7, fccob6, fccob5, fccob4,
            fccobb, fccoba, fccob9, fccob8};
    int result;
    uint8_t fstat;
    int64_t ms_timeout = timeval_ms() + 250;
 
    result = target_write_memory(target, FTFX_FCCOB3, 4, 3, command);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    /* start command */
    result = target_write_u8(target, FTFX_FSTAT, 0x80);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    /* wait for done */
    do {
        result = target_read_u8(target, FTFX_FSTAT, &fstat);
 
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
            return result;
 
        if (fstat & 0x80)
            break;
 
    } while (timeval_ms() < ms_timeout);
 
    if (ftfx_fstat)
        *ftfx_fstat = fstat;
 
    if ((fstat & 0xf0) != 0x80) {
        LOG_DEBUG("ftfx command failed FSTAT: %02X FCCOB: %02X%02X%02X%02X %02X%02X%02X%02X %02X%02X%02X%02X",
             fstat, command[3], command[2], command[1], command[0],
             command[7], command[6], command[5], command[4],
             command[11], command[10], command[9], command[8]);
 
        return kinetis_ftfx_decode_error(fstat);
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
 
static int kinetis_read_pmstat(struct kinetis_chip *k_chip, uint8_t *pmstat)
{
    int result;
    uint32_t stat32;
    struct target *target = k_chip->target;
 
    switch (k_chip->sysmodectrlr_type) {
    case KINETIS_SMC:
        result = target_read_u8(target, SMC_PMSTAT, pmstat);
        return result;
 
    case KINETIS_SMC32:
        result = target_read_u32(target, SMC32_PMSTAT, &stat32);
        if (result == ERROR_OK)
            *pmstat = stat32 & 0xff;
        return result;
 
    case KINETIS_MC:
        /* emulate SMC by reading PMC_REGSC bit 3 (VLPRS) */
        result = target_read_u8(target, PMC_REGSC, pmstat);
        if (result == ERROR_OK) {
            if (*pmstat & 0x08)
                *pmstat = PM_STAT_VLPR;
            else
                *pmstat = PM_STAT_RUN;
        }
        return result;
    }
    return ERROR_FAIL;
}
 
static int kinetis_check_run_mode(struct kinetis_chip *k_chip)
{
    int result;
    uint8_t pmstat;
    struct target *target;
 
    if (!k_chip) {
        LOG_ERROR("Chip not probed.");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
    target = k_chip->target;
 
    if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
        LOG_ERROR("Target not halted");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
    }
 
    result = kinetis_read_pmstat(k_chip, &pmstat);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    if (pmstat == PM_STAT_RUN)
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    if (pmstat == PM_STAT_VLPR) {
        /* It is safe to switch from VLPR to RUN mode without changing clock */
        LOG_INFO("Switching from VLPR to RUN mode.");
 
        switch (k_chip->sysmodectrlr_type) {
        case KINETIS_SMC:
            result = target_write_u8(target, SMC_PMCTRL, PM_CTRL_RUNM_RUN);
            break;
 
        case KINETIS_SMC32:
            result = target_write_u32(target, SMC32_PMCTRL, PM_CTRL_RUNM_RUN);
            break;
 
        case KINETIS_MC:
            result = target_write_u32(target, MC_PMCTRL, PM_CTRL_RUNM_RUN);
            break;
        }
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
            return result;
 
        for (unsigned int i = 100; i > 0; i--) {
            result = kinetis_read_pmstat(k_chip, &pmstat);
            if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;
 
            if (pmstat == PM_STAT_RUN)
                return ERROR_OK;
        }
    }
 
    LOG_ERROR("Flash operation not possible in current run mode: SMC_PMSTAT: 0x%x", pmstat);
    LOG_ERROR("Issue a 'reset init' command.");
    return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
}
 
 
static void kinetis_invalidate_flash_cache(struct kinetis_chip *k_chip)
{
    struct target *target = k_chip->target;
 
    switch (k_chip->cache_type) {
    case KINETIS_CACHE_K:
        target_write_u8(target, FMC_PFB01CR + 2, 0xf0);
        /* Set CINV_WAY bits - request invalidate of all cache ways */
        /* FMC_PFB0CR has same address and CINV_WAY bits as FMC_PFB01CR */
        break;
 
    case KINETIS_CACHE_L:
        target_write_u8(target, MCM_PLACR + 1, 0x04);
        /* set bit CFCC - Clear Flash Controller Cache */
        break;
 
    case KINETIS_CACHE_MSCM:
        target_write_u32(target, MSCM_OCMDR0, 0x30);
        /* disable data prefetch and flash speculate */
        break;
 
    case KINETIS_CACHE_MSCM2:
        target_write_u32(target, MSCM_OCMDR0, 0x30);
        target_write_u32(target, MSCM_OCMDR1, 0x30);
        /* disable data prefetch and flash speculate */
        break;
 
    default:
        break;
    }
}
 
 
static int kinetis_erase(struct flash_bank *bank, unsigned int first,
        unsigned int last)
{
    int result;
    struct kinetis_flash_bank *k_bank = bank->driver_priv;
    struct kinetis_chip *k_chip = k_bank->k_chip;
 
    result = kinetis_check_run_mode(k_chip);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    /* reset error flags */
    result = kinetis_ftfx_prepare(bank->target);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    if ((first > bank->num_sectors) || (last > bank->num_sectors))
        return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
 
    /*
     * FIXME: TODO: use the 'Erase Flash Block' command if the
     * requested erase is PFlash or NVM and encompasses the entire
     * block.  Should be quicker.
     */
    for (unsigned int i = first; i <= last; i++) {
        /* set command and sector address */
        result = kinetis_ftfx_command(bank->target, FTFX_CMD_SECTERASE, k_bank->prog_base + bank->sectors[i].offset,
                0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0,  NULL);
 
        if (result != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_WARNING("erase sector %u failed", i);
            return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }
 
        if (k_bank->prog_base == 0
            && bank->sectors[i].offset <= FCF_ADDRESS
            && bank->sectors[i].offset + bank->sectors[i].size > FCF_ADDRESS + FCF_SIZE) {
            if (allow_fcf_writes) {
                LOG_WARNING("Flash Configuration Field erased, DO NOT reset or power off the device");
                LOG_WARNING("until correct FCF is programmed or MCU gets security lock.");
            } else {
                uint8_t fcf_buffer[FCF_SIZE];
 
                kinetis_fill_fcf(bank, fcf_buffer);
                result = kinetis_write_inner(bank, fcf_buffer, FCF_ADDRESS, FCF_SIZE);
                if (result != ERROR_OK)
                    LOG_WARNING("Flash Configuration Field write failed");
                else
                    LOG_DEBUG("Generated FCF written");
            }
        }
    }
 
    kinetis_invalidate_flash_cache(k_bank->k_chip);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int kinetis_make_ram_ready(struct target *target)
{
    int result;
    uint8_t ftfx_fcnfg;
 
    /* check if ram ready */
    result = target_read_u8(target, FTFX_FCNFG, &ftfx_fcnfg);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    if (ftfx_fcnfg & (1 << 1))
        return ERROR_OK;    /* ram ready */
 
    /* make flex ram available */
    result = kinetis_ftfx_command(target, FTFX_CMD_SETFLEXRAM, 0x00ff0000,
                 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0,  NULL);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
 
    /* check again */
    result = target_read_u8(target, FTFX_FCNFG, &ftfx_fcnfg);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    if (ftfx_fcnfg & (1 << 1))
        return ERROR_OK;    /* ram ready */
 
    return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
}
 
 
static int kinetis_write_sections(struct flash_bank *bank, const uint8_t *buffer,
             uint32_t offset, uint32_t count)
{
    int result = ERROR_OK;
    struct kinetis_flash_bank *k_bank = bank->driver_priv;
    struct kinetis_chip *k_chip = k_bank->k_chip;
    uint8_t *buffer_aligned = NULL;
    /*
     * Kinetis uses different terms for the granularity of
     * sector writes, e.g. "phrase" or "128 bits".  We use
     * the generic term "chunk". The largest possible
     * Kinetis "chunk" is 16 bytes (128 bits).
     */
    uint32_t prog_section_chunk_bytes = k_bank->sector_size >> 8;
    uint32_t prog_size_bytes = k_chip->max_flash_prog_size;
 
    while (count > 0) {
        uint32_t size = prog_size_bytes - offset % prog_size_bytes;
        uint32_t align_begin = offset % prog_section_chunk_bytes;
        uint32_t align_end;
        uint32_t size_aligned;
        uint16_t chunk_count;
        uint8_t ftfx_fstat;
 
        if (size > count)
            size = count;
 
        align_end = (align_begin + size) % prog_section_chunk_bytes;
        if (align_end)
            align_end = prog_section_chunk_bytes - align_end;
 
        size_aligned = align_begin + size + align_end;
        chunk_count = size_aligned / prog_section_chunk_bytes;
 
        if (size != size_aligned) {
            /* aligned section: the first, the last or the only */
            if (!buffer_aligned)
                buffer_aligned = malloc(prog_size_bytes);
 
            memset(buffer_aligned, 0xff, size_aligned);
            memcpy(buffer_aligned + align_begin, buffer, size);
 
            result = target_write_memory(bank->target, k_chip->progr_accel_ram,
                        4, size_aligned / 4, buffer_aligned);
 
            LOG_DEBUG("section @ " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " aligned begin %" PRIu32
                    ", end %" PRIu32,
                    bank->base + offset, align_begin, align_end);
        } else
            result = target_write_memory(bank->target, k_chip->progr_accel_ram,
                        4, size_aligned / 4, buffer);
 
        LOG_DEBUG("write section @ " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " with length %" PRIu32
                " bytes",
              bank->base + offset, size);
 
        if (result != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_ERROR("target_write_memory failed");
            break;
        }
 
        /* execute section-write command */
        result = kinetis_ftfx_command(bank->target, FTFX_CMD_SECTWRITE,
                k_bank->prog_base + offset - align_begin,
                chunk_count>>8, chunk_count, 0, 0,
                0, 0, 0, 0,  &ftfx_fstat);
 
        if (result != ERROR_OK) {
            LOG_ERROR("Error writing section at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
                    bank->base + offset);
            break;
        }
 
        if (ftfx_fstat & 0x01) {
            LOG_ERROR("Flash write error at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
                    bank->base + offset);
            if (k_bank->prog_base == 0 && offset == FCF_ADDRESS + FCF_SIZE
                    && (k_chip->flash_support & FS_WIDTH_256BIT)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Flash write immediately after the end of Flash Config Field shows error");
                LOG_ERROR("because the flash memory is 256 bits wide (data were written correctly).");
                LOG_ERROR("Either change the linker script to add a gap of 16 bytes after FCF");
                LOG_ERROR("or set 'kinetis fcf_source write'");
            }
        }
 
        buffer += size;
        offset += size;
        count -= size;
 
        keep_alive();
    }
 
    free(buffer_aligned);
    return result;
}
 
 
static int kinetis_write_inner(struct flash_bank *bank, const uint8_t *buffer,
             uint32_t offset, uint32_t count)
{
    int result;
    bool fallback = false;
    struct kinetis_flash_bank *k_bank = bank->driver_priv;
    struct kinetis_chip *k_chip = k_bank->k_chip;
 
    if (!(k_chip->flash_support & FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR)) {
        /* fallback to longword write */
        fallback = true;
        LOG_INFO("This device supports Program Longword execution only.");
    } else {
        result = kinetis_make_ram_ready(bank->target);
        if (result != ERROR_OK) {
            fallback = true;
            LOG_WARNING("FlexRAM not ready, fallback to slow longword write.");
        }
    }
 
    LOG_DEBUG("flash write @ " TARGET_ADDR_FMT, bank->base + offset);
 
    if (!fallback) {
        /* program section command */
        kinetis_write_sections(bank, buffer, offset, count);
    } else if (k_chip->flash_support & FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD) {
        /* program longword command, not supported in FTFE */
        uint8_t *new_buffer = NULL;
 
        /* check word alignment */
        if (offset & 0x3) {
            LOG_ERROR("offset 0x%" PRIx32 " breaks the required alignment", offset);
            return ERROR_FLASH_DST_BREAKS_ALIGNMENT;
        }
 
        if (count & 0x3) {
            uint32_t old_count = count;
            count = (old_count | 3) + 1;
            new_buffer = malloc(count);
            if (!new_buffer) {
                LOG_ERROR("odd number of bytes to write and no memory "
                    "for padding buffer");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
            }
            LOG_INFO("odd number of bytes to write (%" PRIu32 "), extending to %" PRIu32 " "
                "and padding with 0xff", old_count, count);
            memset(new_buffer + old_count, 0xff, count - old_count);
            buffer = memcpy(new_buffer, buffer, old_count);
        }
 
        uint32_t words_remaining = count / 4;
 
        kinetis_disable_wdog(k_chip);
 
        /* try using a block write */
        result = kinetis_write_block(bank, buffer, offset, words_remaining);
 
        if (result == ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE) {
            /* if block write failed (no sufficient working area),
             * we use normal (slow) single word accesses */
            LOG_WARNING("couldn't use block writes, falling back to single "
                "memory accesses");
 
            while (words_remaining) {
                uint8_t ftfx_fstat;
 
                LOG_DEBUG("write longword @ %08" PRIx32, (uint32_t)(bank->base + offset));
 
                result = kinetis_ftfx_command(bank->target, FTFX_CMD_LWORDPROG, k_bank->prog_base + offset,
                        buffer[3], buffer[2], buffer[1], buffer[0],
                        0, 0, 0, 0,  &ftfx_fstat);
 
                if (result != ERROR_OK) {
                    LOG_ERROR("Error writing longword at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
                            bank->base + offset);
                    break;
                }
 
                if (ftfx_fstat & 0x01)
                    LOG_ERROR("Flash write error at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
                            bank->base + offset);
 
                buffer += 4;
                offset += 4;
                words_remaining--;
 
                keep_alive();
            }
        }
        free(new_buffer);
    } else {
        LOG_ERROR("Flash write strategy not implemented");
        return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
    }
 
    kinetis_invalidate_flash_cache(k_chip);
    return result;
}
 
 
static int kinetis_write(struct flash_bank *bank, const uint8_t *buffer,
             uint32_t offset, uint32_t count)
{
    int result;
    bool set_fcf = false;
    bool fcf_in_data_valid = false;
    bool fcf_differs = false;
    int sect = 0;
    struct kinetis_flash_bank *k_bank = bank->driver_priv;
    struct kinetis_chip *k_chip = k_bank->k_chip;
    uint8_t fcf_buffer[FCF_SIZE];
    uint8_t fcf_current[FCF_SIZE];
    uint8_t fcf_in_data[FCF_SIZE];
 
    result = kinetis_check_run_mode(k_chip);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    /* reset error flags */
    result = kinetis_ftfx_prepare(bank->target);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    if (k_bank->prog_base == 0 && !allow_fcf_writes) {
        if (bank->sectors[1].offset <= FCF_ADDRESS)
            sect = 1;   /* 1kb sector, FCF in 2nd sector */
 
        if (offset < bank->sectors[sect].offset + bank->sectors[sect].size
            && offset + count > bank->sectors[sect].offset)
            set_fcf = true; /* write to any part of sector with FCF */
    }
 
    if (set_fcf) {
        kinetis_fill_fcf(bank, fcf_buffer);
 
        fcf_in_data_valid = offset <= FCF_ADDRESS
                     && offset + count >= FCF_ADDRESS + FCF_SIZE;
        if (fcf_in_data_valid) {
            memcpy(fcf_in_data, buffer + FCF_ADDRESS - offset, FCF_SIZE);
            if (memcmp(fcf_in_data, fcf_buffer, 8)) {
                fcf_differs = true;
                LOG_INFO("Setting of backdoor key is not supported in mode 'kinetis fcf_source protection'.");
            }
            if (memcmp(fcf_in_data + FCF_FPROT, fcf_buffer + FCF_FPROT, 4)) {
                fcf_differs = true;
                LOG_INFO("Flash protection requested in the programmed file differs from current setting.");
            }
            if (fcf_in_data[FCF_FDPROT] != fcf_buffer[FCF_FDPROT]) {
                fcf_differs = true;
                LOG_INFO("Data flash protection requested in the programmed file differs from current setting.");
            }
            if ((fcf_in_data[FCF_FSEC] & 3) != 2) {
                fcf_in_data_valid = false;
                LOG_INFO("Device security requested in the programmed file! Write denied.");
            } else if (fcf_in_data[FCF_FSEC] != fcf_buffer[FCF_FSEC]) {
                fcf_differs = true;
                LOG_INFO("Strange unsecure mode 0x%02" PRIx8
                    " requested in the programmed file, set FSEC = 0x%02" PRIx8
                    " in the startup code!",
                    fcf_in_data[FCF_FSEC], fcf_buffer[FCF_FSEC]);
            }
            if (fcf_in_data[FCF_FOPT] != fcf_buffer[FCF_FOPT]) {
                fcf_differs = true;
                LOG_INFO("FOPT requested in the programmed file differs from current setting, set 'kinetis fopt 0x%02"
                    PRIx8 "'.", fcf_in_data[FCF_FOPT]);
            }
 
            /* If the device has ECC flash, then we cannot re-program FCF */
            if (fcf_differs) {
                if (k_chip->flash_support & FS_ECC) {
                    fcf_in_data_valid = false;
                    LOG_INFO("Cannot re-program FCF. Expect verify errors at FCF (0x400-0x40f).");
                } else {
                    LOG_INFO("Trying to re-program FCF.");
                    if (!(k_chip->flash_support & FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD))
                        LOG_INFO("Flash re-programming may fail on this device!");
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    if (set_fcf && !fcf_in_data_valid) {
        if (offset < FCF_ADDRESS) {
            /* write part preceding FCF */
            result = kinetis_write_inner(bank, buffer, offset, FCF_ADDRESS - offset);
            if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;
        }
 
        result = target_read_memory(bank->target, bank->base + FCF_ADDRESS, 4, FCF_SIZE / 4, fcf_current);
        if (result == ERROR_OK && memcmp(fcf_current, fcf_buffer, FCF_SIZE) == 0)
            set_fcf = false;
 
        if (set_fcf) {
            /* write FCF if differs from flash - eliminate multiple writes */
            result = kinetis_write_inner(bank, fcf_buffer, FCF_ADDRESS, FCF_SIZE);
            if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;
        }
 
        LOG_WARNING("Flash Configuration Field written.");
        LOG_WARNING("Reset or power off the device to make settings effective.");
 
        if (offset + count > FCF_ADDRESS + FCF_SIZE) {
            uint32_t delta = FCF_ADDRESS + FCF_SIZE - offset;
            /* write part after FCF */
            result = kinetis_write_inner(bank, buffer + delta, FCF_ADDRESS + FCF_SIZE, count - delta);
        }
        return result;
 
    } else {
        /* no FCF fiddling, normal write */
        return kinetis_write_inner(bank, buffer, offset, count);
    }
}
 
 
static int kinetis_probe_chip_s32k(struct kinetis_chip *k_chip)
{
    int result;
    uint8_t fcfg1_eesize, fcfg1_depart;
    uint32_t ee_size = 0;
    uint32_t pflash_size_k, nvm_size_k, dflash_size_k;
    unsigned int generation = 0, subseries = 0, derivate = 0;
 
    struct target *target = k_chip->target;
    k_chip->probed = false;
    k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 0;
    k_chip->pflash_base = 0;
    k_chip->nvm_base = 0x10000000;
    k_chip->progr_accel_ram = FLEXRAM;
    k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_PHRASE | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR;
    k_chip->watchdog_type = KINETIS_WDOG32_KE1X;
 
    if (k_chip->sim_base == 0)
        k_chip->sim_base = SIM_BASE;
 
    result = target_read_u32(target, k_chip->sim_base + SIM_SDID_OFFSET, &k_chip->sim_sdid);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    generation = (k_chip->sim_sdid) >> 28 & 0x0f;
    subseries = (k_chip->sim_sdid) >> 24 & 0x0f;
    derivate = (k_chip->sim_sdid) >> 20 & 0x0f;
 
    switch (k_chip->sim_sdid & KINETIS_SDID_S32K_SERIES_MASK) {
    case KINETIS_SDID_S32K_SERIES_K11X:
        k_chip->cache_type = KINETIS_CACHE_L;
        k_chip->num_pflash_blocks = 1;
        k_chip->num_nvm_blocks = 1;
        /* Non-interleaved */
        k_chip->max_flash_prog_size = 512;
 
        switch (k_chip->sim_sdid & KINETIS_SDID_S32K_DERIVATE_MASK) {
            case KINETIS_SDID_S32K_DERIVATE_KXX6:
                /* S32K116 CPU 48Mhz Flash 128KB RAM 17KB+2KB */
                /* Non-Interleaved */
                k_chip->pflash_size = 128 << 10;
                k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 2 << 10;
                /* Non-Interleaved */
                k_chip->nvm_size = 32 << 10;
                k_chip->nvm_sector_size = 2 << 10;
                break;
            case KINETIS_SDID_S32K_DERIVATE_KXX8:
                /* S32K118 CPU 80Mhz Flash 256KB+32KB RAM 32KB+4KB */
                /* Non-Interleaved */
                k_chip->pflash_size = 256 << 10;
                k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 2 << 10;
                /* Non-Interleaved */
                k_chip->nvm_size = 32 << 10;
                k_chip->nvm_sector_size = 2 << 10;
                break;
        }
        break;
 
    case KINETIS_SDID_S32K_SERIES_K14X:
        k_chip->cache_type = KINETIS_CACHE_MSCM2;
        k_chip->num_pflash_blocks = 1;
        k_chip->num_nvm_blocks = 1;
        /* Non-interleaved */
        k_chip->max_flash_prog_size = 512;
        switch (k_chip->sim_sdid & KINETIS_SDID_S32K_DERIVATE_MASK) {
        case KINETIS_SDID_S32K_DERIVATE_KXX2:
        case KINETIS_SDID_S32K_DERIVATE_KXX3:
            /* S32K142/S32K142W CPU 80Mhz Flash 256KB+64KB RAM 32KB+4KB */
            /* Non-Interleaved */
            k_chip->pflash_size = 256 << 10;
            k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 2 << 10;
            /* Non-Interleaved */
            k_chip->nvm_size = 64 << 10;
            k_chip->nvm_sector_size = 2 << 10;
            break;
        case KINETIS_SDID_S32K_DERIVATE_KXX4:
        case KINETIS_SDID_S32K_DERIVATE_KXX5:
            /* S32K144/S32K144W CPU 80Mhz Flash 512KB+64KB RAM 64KB+4KB */
            /* Interleaved */
            k_chip->pflash_size = 512 << 10;
            k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 4 << 10;
            /* Non-Interleaved */
            k_chip->nvm_size = 64 << 10;
            k_chip->nvm_sector_size = 2 << 10;
            break;
        case KINETIS_SDID_S32K_DERIVATE_KXX6:
            /* S32K146 CPU 80Mhz Flash 1024KB+64KB RAM 128KB+4KB */
            /* Interleaved */
            k_chip->pflash_size = 1024 << 10;
            k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 4 << 10;
            k_chip->num_pflash_blocks = 2;
            /* Non-Interleaved */
            k_chip->nvm_size = 64 << 10;
            k_chip->nvm_sector_size = 2 << 10;
            break;
        case KINETIS_SDID_S32K_DERIVATE_KXX8:
            /* S32K148 CPU 80Mhz Flash 1536KB+512KB RAM 256KB+4KB */
            /* Interleaved */
            k_chip->pflash_size = 1536 << 10;
            k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 4 << 10;
            k_chip->num_pflash_blocks = 3;
            /* Interleaved */
            k_chip->nvm_size = 512 << 10;
            k_chip->nvm_sector_size = 4 << 10;
            /* Interleaved */
            k_chip->max_flash_prog_size = 1 << 10;
            break;
        }
        break;
 
    default:
        LOG_ERROR("Unsupported S32K1xx-series");
    }
 
    if (k_chip->pflash_sector_size == 0) {
        LOG_ERROR("MCU is unsupported, SDID 0x%08" PRIx32, k_chip->sim_sdid);
        return ERROR_FLASH_OPER_UNSUPPORTED;
    }
 
    result = target_read_u32(target, k_chip->sim_base + SIM_FCFG1_OFFSET, &k_chip->sim_fcfg1);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
    k_chip->sim_fcfg2 = 0; /* S32K1xx does not implement FCFG2 register. */
 
    fcfg1_depart = (k_chip->sim_fcfg1 >> 12) & 0x0f;
    fcfg1_eesize = (k_chip->sim_fcfg1 >> 16) & 0x0f;
    if (fcfg1_eesize <= 9)
        ee_size = (16 << (10 - fcfg1_eesize));
    if ((fcfg1_depart & 0x8) == 0) {
        /* Binary 0xxx values encode the amount reserved for EEPROM emulation. */
        if (fcfg1_depart)
            k_chip->dflash_size = k_chip->nvm_size - (4096 << fcfg1_depart);
        else
            k_chip->dflash_size = k_chip->nvm_size;
    } else {
        /* Binary 1xxx valued encode the DFlash size. */
        if (fcfg1_depart & 0x7)
            k_chip->dflash_size = 4096 << (fcfg1_depart & 0x7);
        else
            k_chip->dflash_size = 0;
    }
 
    snprintf(k_chip->name, sizeof(k_chip->name), "S32K%u%u%u",
         generation, subseries, derivate);
 
    pflash_size_k = k_chip->pflash_size / 1024;
    dflash_size_k = k_chip->dflash_size / 1024;
 
    LOG_INFO("%s detected: %u flash blocks", k_chip->name, k_chip->num_pflash_blocks + k_chip->num_nvm_blocks);
    LOG_INFO("%u PFlash banks: %" PRIu32 " KiB total", k_chip->num_pflash_blocks, pflash_size_k);
 
    nvm_size_k = k_chip->nvm_size / 1024;
 
    if (k_chip->num_nvm_blocks) {
        LOG_INFO("%u FlexNVM banks: %" PRIu32 " KiB total, %" PRIu32 " KiB available as data flash, %"
             PRIu32 " bytes FlexRAM",
             k_chip->num_nvm_blocks, nvm_size_k, dflash_size_k, ee_size);
    }
 
    k_chip->probed = true;
 
    if (create_banks)
        kinetis_create_missing_banks(k_chip);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
 
static int kinetis_probe_chip(struct kinetis_chip *k_chip)
{
    int result;
    uint8_t fcfg1_nvmsize, fcfg1_pfsize, fcfg1_eesize, fcfg1_depart;
    uint8_t fcfg2_pflsh;
    uint32_t ee_size = 0;
    uint32_t pflash_size_k, nvm_size_k, dflash_size_k;
    uint32_t pflash_size_m;
    unsigned num_blocks = 0;
    unsigned maxaddr_shift = 13;
    struct target *target = k_chip->target;
 
    unsigned familyid = 0, subfamid = 0;
    unsigned cpu_mhz = 120;
    bool use_nvm_marking = false;
    char flash_marking[12], nvm_marking[2];
    char name[40];
 
    k_chip->probed = false;
    k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 0;
    k_chip->pflash_base = 0;
    k_chip->nvm_base = 0x10000000;
    k_chip->progr_accel_ram = FLEXRAM;
 
    name[0] = '\0';
 
    if (k_chip->sim_base)
        result = target_read_u32(target, k_chip->sim_base + SIM_SDID_OFFSET, &k_chip->sim_sdid);
    else {
        result = target_read_u32(target, SIM_BASE + SIM_SDID_OFFSET, &k_chip->sim_sdid);
        if (result == ERROR_OK)
            k_chip->sim_base = SIM_BASE;
        else {
            result = target_read_u32(target, SIM_BASE_KL28 + SIM_SDID_OFFSET, &k_chip->sim_sdid);
            if (result == ERROR_OK)
                k_chip->sim_base = SIM_BASE_KL28;
        }
    }
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    if ((k_chip->sim_sdid & (~KINETIS_SDID_K_SERIES_MASK)) == 0) {
        /* older K-series MCU */
        uint32_t mcu_type = k_chip->sim_sdid & KINETIS_K_SDID_TYPE_MASK;
        k_chip->cache_type = KINETIS_CACHE_K;
        k_chip->watchdog_type = KINETIS_WDOG_K;
 
        switch (mcu_type) {
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M50:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M50:
            /* 1kB sectors */
            k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 1<<10;
            k_chip->nvm_sector_size = 1<<10;
            num_blocks = 2;
            k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR;
            break;
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M72:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M72:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K30_M72:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K30_M100:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K40_M72:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K40_M100:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K50_M72:
            /* 2kB sectors, 1kB FlexNVM sectors */
            k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 2<<10;
            k_chip->nvm_sector_size = 1<<10;
            num_blocks = 2;
            k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR;
            k_chip->max_flash_prog_size = 1<<10;
            break;
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M100:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M100:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K11:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K12:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K21_M50:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K22_M50:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K51_M72:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K53:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K60_M100:
            /* 2kB sectors */
            k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 2<<10;
            k_chip->nvm_sector_size = 2<<10;
            num_blocks = 2;
            k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR;
            break;
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K21_M120:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K22_M120:
            /* 4kB sectors (MK21FN1M0, MK21FX512, MK22FN1M0, MK22FX512) */
            k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 4<<10;
            k_chip->max_flash_prog_size = 1<<10;
            k_chip->nvm_sector_size = 4<<10;
            num_blocks = 2;
            k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_PHRASE | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR;
            break;
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M120:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M120:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K60_M150:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K70_M150:
            /* 4kB sectors */
            k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 4<<10;
            k_chip->nvm_sector_size = 4<<10;
            num_blocks = 4;
            k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_PHRASE | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR;
            break;
        default:
            LOG_ERROR("Unsupported K-family FAMID");
        }
 
        for (size_t idx = 0; idx < ARRAY_SIZE(kinetis_types_old); idx++) {
            if (kinetis_types_old[idx].sdid == mcu_type) {
                strcpy(name, kinetis_types_old[idx].name);
                use_nvm_marking = true;
                break;
            }
        }
 
        /* first revision of some devices has no SMC */
        switch (mcu_type) {
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M100:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M100:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K30_M100:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K40_M100:
        case KINETIS_K_SDID_K60_M100:
            {
                uint32_t revid = (k_chip->sim_sdid & KINETIS_K_REVID_MASK) >> KINETIS_K_REVID_SHIFT;
                 /* highest bit set corresponds to rev 2.x */
                if (revid <= 7) {
                    k_chip->sysmodectrlr_type = KINETIS_MC;
                    strcat(name, " Rev 1.x");
                }
            }
            break;
        }
 
    } else {
        /* Newer K-series or KL series MCU */
        familyid = (k_chip->sim_sdid & KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_MASK) >> KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_SHIFT;
        subfamid = (k_chip->sim_sdid & KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_MASK) >> KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_SHIFT;
 
        switch (k_chip->sim_sdid & KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_MASK) {
        case KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_K:
            use_nvm_marking = true;
            k_chip->cache_type = KINETIS_CACHE_K;
            k_chip->watchdog_type = KINETIS_WDOG_K;
 
            switch (k_chip->sim_sdid & (KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_MASK | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_MASK)) {
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K0X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX2:
                /* K02FN64, K02FN128: FTFA, 2kB sectors */
                k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 2<<10;
                num_blocks = 1;
                k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD;
                cpu_mhz = 100;
                break;
 
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K2X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX2: {
                /* MK24FN1M reports as K22, this should detect it (according to errata note 1N83J) */
                uint32_t sopt1;
                result = target_read_u32(target, k_chip->sim_base + SIM_SOPT1_OFFSET, &sopt1);
                if (result != ERROR_OK)
                    return result;
 
                if (((k_chip->sim_sdid & (KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_MASK)) == KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K24FN1M) &&
                        ((sopt1 & KINETIS_SOPT1_RAMSIZE_MASK) == KINETIS_SOPT1_RAMSIZE_K24FN1M)) {
                    /* MK24FN1M */
                    k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 4<<10;
                    num_blocks = 2;
                    k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_PHRASE | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR;
                    k_chip->max_flash_prog_size = 1<<10;
                    subfamid = 4; /* errata 1N83J fix */
                    break;
                }
                if ((k_chip->sim_sdid & (KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_MASK)) == KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K22FN128
                    || (k_chip->sim_sdid & (KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_MASK)) == KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K22FN256
                    || (k_chip->sim_sdid & (KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_MASK)) == KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K22FN512) {
                    /* K22 with new-style SDID - smaller pflash with FTFA, 2kB sectors */
                    k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 2<<10;
                    /* autodetect 1 or 2 blocks */
                    k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD;
                    break;
                }
                LOG_ERROR("Unsupported Kinetis K22 DIEID");
                break;
            }
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K2X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX4:
                k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 4<<10;
                if ((k_chip->sim_sdid & (KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_MASK)) == KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K24FN256) {
                    /* K24FN256 - smaller pflash with FTFA */
                    num_blocks = 1;
                    k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD;
                    break;
                }
                /* K24FN1M without errata 7534 */
                num_blocks = 2;
                k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_PHRASE | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR;
                k_chip->max_flash_prog_size = 1<<10;
                break;
 
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K6X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX1: /* errata 7534 - should be K63 */
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K6X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX2: /* errata 7534 - should be K64 */
                subfamid += 2; /* errata 7534 fix */
                /* fallthrough */
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K6X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX3:
                /* K63FN1M0 */
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K6X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX4:
                /* K64FN1M0, K64FX512 */
                k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 4<<10;
                k_chip->nvm_sector_size = 4<<10;
                k_chip->max_flash_prog_size = 1<<10;
                num_blocks = 2;
                k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_PHRASE | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR;
                break;
 
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K2X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX6:
                /* K26FN2M0 */
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K6X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX6:
                /* K66FN2M0, K66FX1M0 */
                k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 4<<10;
                k_chip->nvm_sector_size = 4<<10;
                k_chip->max_flash_prog_size = 1<<10;
                num_blocks = 4;
                k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_PHRASE | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR | FS_ECC;
                cpu_mhz = 180;
                break;
 
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K2X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX7:
                /* K27FN2M0 */
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K2X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX8:
                /* K28FN2M0 */
                k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 4<<10;
                k_chip->max_flash_prog_size = 1<<10;
                num_blocks = 4;
                k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_PHRASE | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR | FS_ECC;
                cpu_mhz = 150;
                break;
 
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K8X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX0:
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K8X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX1:
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K8X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX2:
                /* K80FN256, K81FN256, K82FN256 */
                k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 4<<10;
                num_blocks = 1;
                k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD | FS_NO_CMD_BLOCKSTAT;
                cpu_mhz = 150;
                break;
 
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_KL8X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX1:
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_KL8X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX2:
                /* KL81Z128, KL82Z128 */
                k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 2<<10;
                num_blocks = 1;
                k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD | FS_NO_CMD_BLOCKSTAT;
                k_chip->cache_type = KINETIS_CACHE_L;
 
                use_nvm_marking = false;
                snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "MKL8%uZ%%s7",
                     subfamid);
                break;
 
            default:
                LOG_ERROR("Unsupported Kinetis FAMILYID SUBFAMID");
            }
 
            if (name[0] == '\0')
                snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "MK%u%uF%%s%u",
                     familyid, subfamid, cpu_mhz / 10);
            break;
 
        case KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_KL:
            /* KL-series */
            k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 1<<10;
            k_chip->nvm_sector_size = 1<<10;
            /* autodetect 1 or 2 blocks */
            k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD;
            k_chip->cache_type = KINETIS_CACHE_L;
            k_chip->watchdog_type = KINETIS_WDOG_COP;
 
            cpu_mhz = 48;
            switch (k_chip->sim_sdid & (KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_MASK | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_MASK)) {
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K1X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX3:
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K2X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX3:
                subfamid = 7;
                break;
 
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K2X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX8:
                cpu_mhz = 72;
                k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 2<<10;
                num_blocks = 2;
                k_chip->watchdog_type = KINETIS_WDOG32_KL28;
                k_chip->sysmodectrlr_type = KINETIS_SMC32;
                break;
            }
 
            snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "MKL%u%uZ%%s%u",
                 familyid, subfamid, cpu_mhz / 10);
            break;
 
        case KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_KW:
            /* Newer KW-series (all KW series except KW2xD, KW01Z) */
            cpu_mhz = 48;
            switch (k_chip->sim_sdid & (KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_MASK | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_MASK)) {
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K4X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX0:
                /* KW40Z */
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K3X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX0:
                /* KW30Z */
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K2X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX0:
                /* KW20Z */
                /* FTFA, 1kB sectors */
                k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 1<<10;
                k_chip->nvm_sector_size = 1<<10;
                /* autodetect 1 or 2 blocks */
                k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD;
                k_chip->cache_type = KINETIS_CACHE_L;
                k_chip->watchdog_type = KINETIS_WDOG_COP;
                break;
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K4X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX1:
                /* KW41Z */
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K3X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX1:
                /* KW31Z */
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K2X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX1:
                /* KW21Z */
                /* FTFA, 2kB sectors */
                k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 2<<10;
                k_chip->nvm_sector_size = 2<<10;
                /* autodetect 1 or 2 blocks */
                k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD;
                k_chip->cache_type = KINETIS_CACHE_L;
                k_chip->watchdog_type = KINETIS_WDOG_COP;
                break;
            default:
                LOG_ERROR("Unsupported KW FAMILYID SUBFAMID");
            }
            snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "MKW%u%uZ%%s%u",
                     familyid, subfamid, cpu_mhz / 10);
            break;
 
        case KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_KV:
            /* KV-series */
            k_chip->watchdog_type = KINETIS_WDOG_K;
            switch (k_chip->sim_sdid & (KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_MASK | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_MASK)) {
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K1X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX0:
                /* KV10: FTFA, 1kB sectors */
                k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 1<<10;
                num_blocks = 1;
                k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD;
                k_chip->cache_type = KINETIS_CACHE_L;
                strcpy(name, "MKV10Z%s7");
                break;
 
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K1X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX1:
                /* KV11: FTFA, 2kB sectors */
                k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 2<<10;
                num_blocks = 1;
                k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD;
                k_chip->cache_type = KINETIS_CACHE_L;
                strcpy(name, "MKV11Z%s7");
                break;
 
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K3X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX0:
                /* KV30: FTFA, 2kB sectors, 1 block */
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K3X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX1:
                /* KV31: FTFA, 2kB sectors, 2 blocks */
                k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 2<<10;
                /* autodetect 1 or 2 blocks */
                k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD;
                k_chip->cache_type = KINETIS_CACHE_K;
                break;
 
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K4X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX2:
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K4X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX4:
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K4X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX6:
                /* KV4x: FTFA, 4kB sectors */
                k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 4<<10;
                num_blocks = 1;
                k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD;
                k_chip->cache_type = KINETIS_CACHE_K;
                cpu_mhz = 168;
                break;
 
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K5X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX6:
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K5X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX8:
                /* KV5x: FTFE, 8kB sectors */
                k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 8<<10;
                k_chip->max_flash_prog_size = 1<<10;
                num_blocks = 1;
                maxaddr_shift = 14;
                k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_PHRASE | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR | FS_WIDTH_256BIT | FS_ECC;
                k_chip->pflash_base = 0x10000000;
                k_chip->progr_accel_ram = 0x18000000;
                cpu_mhz = 240;
                break;
 
            default:
                LOG_ERROR("Unsupported KV FAMILYID SUBFAMID");
            }
 
            if (name[0] == '\0')
                snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "MKV%u%uF%%s%u",
                     familyid, subfamid, cpu_mhz / 10);
            break;
 
        case KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_KE:
            /* KE1x-series */
            k_chip->watchdog_type = KINETIS_WDOG32_KE1X;
            switch (k_chip->sim_sdid &
                (KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_MASK | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_MASK | KINETIS_SDID_PROJECTID_MASK)) {
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K1X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX4 | KINETIS_SDID_PROJECTID_KE1XZ:
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K1X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX5 | KINETIS_SDID_PROJECTID_KE1XZ:
                /* KE1xZ: FTFE, 2kB sectors */
                k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 2<<10;
                k_chip->nvm_sector_size = 2<<10;
                k_chip->max_flash_prog_size = 1<<9;
                num_blocks = 2;
                k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_PHRASE | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR;
                k_chip->cache_type = KINETIS_CACHE_L;
 
                cpu_mhz = 72;
                snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "MKE%u%uZ%%s%u",
                     familyid, subfamid, cpu_mhz / 10);
                break;
 
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K1X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX4 | KINETIS_SDID_PROJECTID_KE1XF:
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K1X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX6 | KINETIS_SDID_PROJECTID_KE1XF:
            case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K1X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX8 | KINETIS_SDID_PROJECTID_KE1XF:
                /* KE1xF: FTFE, 4kB sectors */
                k_chip->pflash_sector_size = 4<<10;
                k_chip->nvm_sector_size = 2<<10;
                k_chip->max_flash_prog_size = 1<<10;
                num_blocks = 2;
                k_chip->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_PHRASE | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR;
                k_chip->cache_type = KINETIS_CACHE_MSCM;
 
                cpu_mhz = 168;
                snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "MKE%u%uF%%s%u",
                     familyid, subfamid, cpu_mhz / 10);
                break;
 
            default:
                LOG_ERROR("Unsupported KE FAMILYID SUBFAMID");
            }
            break;
 
        default:
            LOG_ERROR("Unsupported K-series");
        }
    }
 
    if (k_chip->pflash_sector_size == 0) {
        LOG_ERROR("MCU is unsupported, SDID 0x%08" PRIx32, k_chip->sim_sdid);
        return ERROR_FLASH_OPER_UNSUPPORTED;
    }
 
    result = target_read_u32(target, k_chip->sim_base + SIM_FCFG1_OFFSET, &k_chip->sim_fcfg1);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    result = target_read_u32(target, k_chip->sim_base + SIM_FCFG2_OFFSET, &k_chip->sim_fcfg2);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    LOG_DEBUG("SDID: 0x%08" PRIX32 " FCFG1: 0x%08" PRIX32 " FCFG2: 0x%08" PRIX32, k_chip->sim_sdid,
            k_chip->sim_fcfg1, k_chip->sim_fcfg2);
 
    fcfg1_nvmsize = (uint8_t)((k_chip->sim_fcfg1 >> 28) & 0x0f);
    fcfg1_pfsize = (uint8_t)((k_chip->sim_fcfg1 >> 24) & 0x0f);
    fcfg1_eesize = (uint8_t)((k_chip->sim_fcfg1 >> 16) & 0x0f);
    fcfg1_depart = (uint8_t)((k_chip->sim_fcfg1 >> 8) & 0x0f);
 
    fcfg2_pflsh = (uint8_t)((k_chip->sim_fcfg2 >> 23) & 0x01);
    k_chip->fcfg2_maxaddr0_shifted = ((k_chip->sim_fcfg2 >> 24) & 0x7f) << maxaddr_shift;
    k_chip->fcfg2_maxaddr1_shifted = ((k_chip->sim_fcfg2 >> 16) & 0x7f) << maxaddr_shift;
 
    if (num_blocks == 0)
        num_blocks = k_chip->fcfg2_maxaddr1_shifted ? 2 : 1;
    else if (k_chip->fcfg2_maxaddr1_shifted == 0 && num_blocks >= 2 && fcfg2_pflsh) {
        /* fcfg2_maxaddr1 may be zero due to partitioning whole NVM as EEPROM backup
         * Do not adjust block count in this case! */
        num_blocks = 1;
        LOG_WARNING("MAXADDR1 is zero, number of flash banks adjusted to 1");
    } else if (k_chip->fcfg2_maxaddr1_shifted != 0 && num_blocks == 1) {
        num_blocks = 2;
        LOG_WARNING("MAXADDR1 is non zero, number of flash banks adjusted to 2");
    }
 
    /* when the PFLSH bit is set, there is no FlexNVM/FlexRAM */
    if (!fcfg2_pflsh) {
        switch (fcfg1_nvmsize) {
        case 0x03:
        case 0x05:
        case 0x07:
        case 0x09:
        case 0x0b:
            k_chip->nvm_size = 1 << (14 + (fcfg1_nvmsize >> 1));
            break;
        case 0x0f:
            if (k_chip->pflash_sector_size >= 4<<10)
                k_chip->nvm_size = 512<<10;
            else
                /* K20_100 */
                k_chip->nvm_size = 256<<10;
            break;
        default:
            k_chip->nvm_size = 0;
            break;
        }
 
        switch (fcfg1_eesize) {
        case 0x00:
        case 0x01:
        case 0x02:
        case 0x03:
        case 0x04:
        case 0x05:
        case 0x06:
        case 0x07:
        case 0x08:
        case 0x09:
            ee_size = (16 << (10 - fcfg1_eesize));
            break;
        default:
            ee_size = 0;
            break;
        }
 
        switch (fcfg1_depart) {
        case 0x01:
        case 0x02:
        case 0x03:
        case 0x04:
        case 0x05:
        case 0x06:
            k_chip->dflash_size = k_chip->nvm_size - (4096 << fcfg1_depart);
            break;
        case 0x07:
        case 0x08:
            k_chip->dflash_size = 0;
            break;
        case 0x09:
        case 0x0a:
        case 0x0b:
        case 0x0c:
        case 0x0d:
            k_chip->dflash_size = 4096 << (fcfg1_depart & 0x7);
            break;
        default:
            k_chip->dflash_size = k_chip->nvm_size;
            break;
        }
    }
 
    switch (fcfg1_pfsize) {
    case 0x00:
        k_chip->pflash_size = 8192;
        break;
    case 0x01:
    case 0x03:
    case 0x05:
    case 0x07:
    case 0x09:
    case 0x0b:
    case 0x0d:
        k_chip->pflash_size = 1 << (14 + (fcfg1_pfsize >> 1));
        break;
    case 0x0f:
        /* a peculiar case: Freescale states different sizes for 0xf
         * KL03P24M48SF0RM  32 KB .... duplicate of code 0x3
         * K02P64M100SFARM  128 KB ... duplicate of code 0x7
         * K22P121M120SF8RM 256 KB ... duplicate of code 0x9
         * K22P121M120SF7RM 512 KB ... duplicate of code 0xb
         * K22P100M120SF5RM 1024 KB ... duplicate of code 0xd
         * K26P169M180SF5RM 2048 KB ... the only unique value
         * fcfg2_maxaddr0 seems to be the only clue to pflash_size
         * Checking fcfg2_maxaddr0 in bank probe is pointless then
         */
        if (fcfg2_pflsh)
            k_chip->pflash_size = k_chip->fcfg2_maxaddr0_shifted * num_blocks;
        else
            k_chip->pflash_size = k_chip->fcfg2_maxaddr0_shifted * num_blocks / 2;
        if (k_chip->pflash_size != 2048<<10)
            LOG_WARNING("SIM_FCFG1 PFSIZE = 0xf: please check if pflash is %" PRIu32 " KB", k_chip->pflash_size>>10);
 
        break;
    default:
        k_chip->pflash_size = 0;
        break;
    }
 
    if (k_chip->flash_support & FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR && k_chip->max_flash_prog_size == 0) {
        k_chip->max_flash_prog_size = k_chip->pflash_sector_size;
        /* Program section size is equal to sector size by default */
    }
 
    if (fcfg2_pflsh) {
        k_chip->num_pflash_blocks = num_blocks;
        k_chip->num_nvm_blocks = 0;
    } else {
        k_chip->num_pflash_blocks = (num_blocks + 1) / 2;
        k_chip->num_nvm_blocks = num_blocks - k_chip->num_pflash_blocks;
    }
 
    if (use_nvm_marking) {
        nvm_marking[0] = k_chip->num_nvm_blocks ? 'X' : 'N';
        nvm_marking[1] = '\0';
    } else
        nvm_marking[0] = '\0';
 
    pflash_size_k = k_chip->pflash_size / 1024;
    pflash_size_m = pflash_size_k / 1024;
    if (pflash_size_m)
        snprintf(flash_marking, sizeof(flash_marking), "%s%" PRIu32 "M0xxx", nvm_marking, pflash_size_m);
    else
        snprintf(flash_marking, sizeof(flash_marking), "%s%" PRIu32 "xxx", nvm_marking, pflash_size_k);
 
    snprintf(k_chip->name, sizeof(k_chip->name), name, flash_marking);
    LOG_INFO("Kinetis %s detected: %u flash blocks", k_chip->name, num_blocks);
    LOG_INFO("%u PFlash banks: %" PRIu32 " KiB total", k_chip->num_pflash_blocks, pflash_size_k);
    if (k_chip->num_nvm_blocks) {
        nvm_size_k = k_chip->nvm_size / 1024;
        dflash_size_k = k_chip->dflash_size / 1024;
        LOG_INFO("%u FlexNVM banks: %" PRIu32 " KiB total, %" PRIu32 " KiB available as data flash, %"
             PRIu32 " bytes FlexRAM", k_chip->num_nvm_blocks, nvm_size_k, dflash_size_k, ee_size);
    }
 
    k_chip->probed = true;
 
    if (create_banks)
        kinetis_create_missing_banks(k_chip);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int kinetis_probe(struct flash_bank *bank)
{
    int result;
    uint8_t fcfg2_maxaddr0, fcfg2_pflsh, fcfg2_maxaddr1;
    unsigned num_blocks, first_nvm_bank;
    uint32_t size_k;
    struct kinetis_flash_bank *k_bank = bank->driver_priv;
    struct kinetis_chip *k_chip;
 
    assert(k_bank);
    k_chip = k_bank->k_chip;
 
    k_bank->probed = false;
 
    if (!k_chip->probed) {
        switch (k_chip->chip_type) {
        case CT_S32K:
            result = kinetis_probe_chip_s32k(k_chip);
            break;
        default:
            result = kinetis_probe_chip(k_chip);
        }
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
            return result;
    }
 
    num_blocks = k_chip->num_pflash_blocks + k_chip->num_nvm_blocks;
    first_nvm_bank = k_chip->num_pflash_blocks;
 
    if (k_bank->bank_number < k_chip->num_pflash_blocks) {
        /* pflash, banks start at address zero */
        k_bank->flash_class = FC_PFLASH;
        bank->size = (k_chip->pflash_size / k_chip->num_pflash_blocks);
        bank->base = k_chip->pflash_base + bank->size * k_bank->bank_number;
        k_bank->prog_base = 0x00000000 + bank->size * k_bank->bank_number;
        k_bank->sector_size = k_chip->pflash_sector_size;
        /* pflash is divided into 32 protection areas for
         * parts with more than 32K of PFlash. For parts with
         * less the protection unit is set to 1024 bytes */
        k_bank->protection_size = MAX(k_chip->pflash_size / 32, 1024);
        bank->num_prot_blocks = bank->size / k_bank->protection_size;
        k_bank->protection_block = bank->num_prot_blocks * k_bank->bank_number;
 
        size_k = bank->size / 1024;
        LOG_DEBUG("Kinetis bank %u: %" PRIu32 "k PFlash, FTFx base 0x%08" PRIx32 ", sect %" PRIu32,
             k_bank->bank_number, size_k, k_bank->prog_base, k_bank->sector_size);
 
    } else if (k_bank->bank_number < num_blocks) {
        /* nvm, banks start at address 0x10000000 */
        unsigned nvm_ord = k_bank->bank_number - first_nvm_bank;
        uint32_t limit;
 
        k_bank->flash_class = FC_FLEX_NVM;
        bank->size = k_chip->nvm_size / k_chip->num_nvm_blocks;
        bank->base = k_chip->nvm_base + bank->size * nvm_ord;
        k_bank->prog_base = 0x00800000 + bank->size * nvm_ord;
        k_bank->sector_size = k_chip->nvm_sector_size;
        if (k_chip->dflash_size == 0) {
            k_bank->protection_size = 0;
        } else {
            int i;
            for (i = k_chip->dflash_size; ~i & 1; i >>= 1)
                ;
            if (i == 1)
                k_bank->protection_size = k_chip->dflash_size / 8;  /* data flash size = 2^^n */
            else
                k_bank->protection_size = k_chip->nvm_size / 8; /* TODO: verify on SF1, not documented in RM */
        }
        bank->num_prot_blocks = 8 / k_chip->num_nvm_blocks;
        k_bank->protection_block = bank->num_prot_blocks * nvm_ord;
 
        /* EEPROM backup part of FlexNVM is not accessible, use dflash_size as a limit */
        if (k_chip->dflash_size > bank->size * nvm_ord)
            limit = k_chip->dflash_size - bank->size * nvm_ord;
        else
            limit = 0;
 
        if (bank->size > limit) {
            bank->size = limit;
            LOG_DEBUG("FlexNVM bank %u limited to 0x%08" PRIx32 " due to active EEPROM backup",
                k_bank->bank_number, limit);
        }
 
        size_k = bank->size / 1024;
        LOG_DEBUG("Kinetis bank %u: %" PRIu32 "k FlexNVM, FTFx base 0x%08" PRIx32 ", sect %" PRIu32,
             k_bank->bank_number, size_k, k_bank->prog_base, k_bank->sector_size);
 
    } else {
        LOG_ERROR("Cannot determine parameters for bank %u, only %u banks on device",
                k_bank->bank_number, num_blocks);
        return ERROR_FLASH_BANK_INVALID;
    }
 
    /* S32K1xx does not implement FCFG2 register. Skip checks. */
    if (k_chip->chip_type != CT_S32K) {
        fcfg2_pflsh = (uint8_t)((k_chip->sim_fcfg2 >> 23) & 0x01);
        fcfg2_maxaddr0 = (uint8_t)((k_chip->sim_fcfg2 >> 24) & 0x7f);
        fcfg2_maxaddr1 = (uint8_t)((k_chip->sim_fcfg2 >> 16) & 0x7f);
 
        if (k_bank->bank_number == 0 && k_chip->fcfg2_maxaddr0_shifted != bank->size)
            LOG_WARNING("MAXADDR0 0x%02" PRIx8 " check failed,"
                    " please report to OpenOCD mailing list", fcfg2_maxaddr0);
 
        if (fcfg2_pflsh) {
            if (k_bank->bank_number == 1 && k_chip->fcfg2_maxaddr1_shifted != bank->size)
                LOG_WARNING("MAXADDR1 0x%02" PRIx8 " check failed,"
                        " please report to OpenOCD mailing list", fcfg2_maxaddr1);
        } else {
            if (k_bank->bank_number == first_nvm_bank
                && k_chip->fcfg2_maxaddr1_shifted != k_chip->dflash_size)
                LOG_WARNING("FlexNVM MAXADDR1 0x%02" PRIx8 " check failed,"
                        " please report to OpenOCD mailing list", fcfg2_maxaddr1);
        }
    }
 
    free(bank->sectors);
    bank->sectors = NULL;
 
    free(bank->prot_blocks);
    bank->prot_blocks = NULL;
 
    if (k_bank->sector_size == 0) {
        LOG_ERROR("Unknown sector size for bank %u", bank->bank_number);
        return ERROR_FLASH_BANK_INVALID;
    }
 
    bank->num_sectors = bank->size / k_bank->sector_size;
 
    if (bank->num_sectors > 0) {
        /* FlexNVM bank can be used for EEPROM backup therefore zero sized */
        bank->sectors = alloc_block_array(0, k_bank->sector_size, bank->num_sectors);
        if (!bank->sectors)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
 
        bank->prot_blocks = alloc_block_array(0, k_bank->protection_size, bank->num_prot_blocks);
        if (!bank->prot_blocks)
            return ERROR_FAIL;
 
    } else {
        bank->num_prot_blocks = 0;
    }
 
    k_bank->probed = true;
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int kinetis_auto_probe(struct flash_bank *bank)
{
    struct kinetis_flash_bank *k_bank = bank->driver_priv;
 
    if (k_bank && k_bank->probed)
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    return kinetis_probe(bank);
}
 
static int kinetis_info(struct flash_bank *bank, struct command_invocation *cmd)
{
    const char *bank_class_names[] = {
        "(ANY)", "PFlash", "FlexNVM", "FlexRAM"
    };
 
    struct kinetis_flash_bank *k_bank = bank->driver_priv;
    struct kinetis_chip *k_chip = k_bank->k_chip;
    uint32_t size_k = bank->size / 1024;
 
    command_print_sameline(cmd,
        "%s %s: %" PRIu32 "k %s bank %s at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
        bank->driver->name, k_chip->name,
        size_k, bank_class_names[k_bank->flash_class],
        bank->name, bank->base);
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
static int kinetis_blank_check(struct flash_bank *bank)
{
    struct kinetis_flash_bank *k_bank = bank->driver_priv;
    struct kinetis_chip *k_chip = k_bank->k_chip;
    int result;
 
    /* surprisingly blank check does not work in VLPR and HSRUN modes */
    result = kinetis_check_run_mode(k_chip);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    /* reset error flags */
    result = kinetis_ftfx_prepare(bank->target);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    if (k_bank->flash_class == FC_PFLASH || k_bank->flash_class == FC_FLEX_NVM) {
        bool block_dirty = true;
        bool use_block_cmd = !(k_chip->flash_support & FS_NO_CMD_BLOCKSTAT);
        uint8_t ftfx_fstat;
 
        if (use_block_cmd && k_bank->flash_class == FC_FLEX_NVM) {
            uint8_t fcfg1_depart = (uint8_t)((k_chip->sim_fcfg1 >> 8) & 0x0f);
            /* block operation cannot be used on FlexNVM when EEPROM backup partition is set */
            if (fcfg1_depart != 0xf && fcfg1_depart != 0)
                use_block_cmd = false;
        }
 
        if (use_block_cmd) {
            /* check if whole bank is blank */
            result = kinetis_ftfx_command(bank->target, FTFX_CMD_BLOCKSTAT, k_bank->prog_base,
                             0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, &ftfx_fstat);
 
            if (result != ERROR_OK)
                kinetis_ftfx_clear_error(bank->target);
            else if ((ftfx_fstat & 0x01) == 0)
                block_dirty = false;
        }
 
        if (block_dirty) {
            /* the whole bank is not erased, check sector-by-sector */
            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < bank->num_sectors; i++) {
                /* normal margin */
                result = kinetis_ftfx_command(bank->target, FTFX_CMD_SECTSTAT,
                        k_bank->prog_base + bank->sectors[i].offset,
                        1, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, &ftfx_fstat);
 
                if (result == ERROR_OK) {
                    bank->sectors[i].is_erased = !(ftfx_fstat & 0x01);
                } else {
                    LOG_DEBUG("Ignoring error on PFlash sector blank-check");
                    kinetis_ftfx_clear_error(bank->target);
                    bank->sectors[i].is_erased = -1;
                }
            }
        } else {
            /* the whole bank is erased, update all sectors */
            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < bank->num_sectors; i++)
                bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 1;
        }
    } else {
        LOG_WARNING("kinetis_blank_check not supported yet for FlexRAM");
        return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(kinetis_nvm_partition)
{
    int result;
    unsigned bank_idx;
    unsigned num_blocks, first_nvm_bank;
    unsigned long par, log2 = 0, ee1 = 0, ee2 = 0;
    enum { SHOW_INFO, DF_SIZE, EEBKP_SIZE } sz_type = SHOW_INFO;
    bool enable;
    uint8_t load_flex_ram = 1;
    uint8_t ee_size_code = 0x3f;
    uint8_t flex_nvm_partition_code = 0;
    uint8_t ee_split = 3;
    struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
    struct kinetis_chip *k_chip;
    uint32_t sim_fcfg1;
 
    k_chip = kinetis_get_chip(target);
 
    if (k_chip->chip_type == CT_S32K) {
        LOG_ERROR("NVM partition not supported on S32K1xx (yet).");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
    }
 
    if (CMD_ARGC >= 2) {
        if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "dataflash") == 0)
            sz_type = DF_SIZE;
        else if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "eebkp") == 0)
            sz_type = EEBKP_SIZE;
 
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(ulong, CMD_ARGV[1], par);
        while (par >> (log2 + 3))
            log2++;
    }
    switch (sz_type) {
    case SHOW_INFO:
        if (!k_chip) {
            LOG_ERROR("Chip not probed.");
            return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        result = target_read_u32(target, k_chip->sim_base + SIM_FCFG1_OFFSET, &sim_fcfg1);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
            return result;
 
        flex_nvm_partition_code = (uint8_t)((sim_fcfg1 >> 8) & 0x0f);
        switch (flex_nvm_partition_code) {
        case 0:
            command_print(CMD, "No EEPROM backup, data flash only");
            break;
        case 1:
        case 2:
        case 3:
        case 4:
        case 5:
        case 6:
            command_print(CMD, "EEPROM backup %d KB", 4 << flex_nvm_partition_code);
            break;
        case 8:
            command_print(CMD, "No data flash, EEPROM backup only");
            break;
        case 0x9:
        case 0xA:
        case 0xB:
        case 0xC:
        case 0xD:
        case 0xE:
            command_print(CMD, "data flash %d KB", 4 << (flex_nvm_partition_code & 7));
            break;
        case 0xf:
            command_print(CMD, "No EEPROM backup, data flash only (DEPART not set)");
            break;
        default:
            command_print(CMD, "Unsupported EEPROM backup size code 0x%02" PRIx8, flex_nvm_partition_code);
        }
        return ERROR_OK;
 
    case DF_SIZE:
        flex_nvm_partition_code = 0x8 | log2;
        break;
 
    case EEBKP_SIZE:
        flex_nvm_partition_code = log2;
        break;
    }
 
    if (CMD_ARGC == 3) {
        unsigned long eex;
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(ulong, CMD_ARGV[2], eex);
        ee1 = ee2 = eex / 2;
    } else if (CMD_ARGC >= 4) {
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(ulong, CMD_ARGV[2], ee1);
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(ulong, CMD_ARGV[3], ee2);
    }
 
    enable = ee1 + ee2 > 0;
    if (enable) {
        for (log2 = 2; ; log2++) {
            if (ee1 + ee2 == (16u << 10) >> log2)
                break;
            if (ee1 + ee2 > (16u << 10) >> log2 || log2 >= 9) {
                LOG_ERROR("Unsupported EEPROM size");
                return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
            }
        }
 
        if (ee1 * 3 == ee2)
            ee_split = 1;
        else if (ee1 * 7 == ee2)
            ee_split = 0;
        else if (ee1 != ee2) {
            LOG_ERROR("Unsupported EEPROM sizes ratio");
            return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }
 
        ee_size_code = log2 | ee_split << 4;
    }
 
    if (CMD_ARGC >= 5)
        COMMAND_PARSE_ON_OFF(CMD_ARGV[4], enable);
    if (enable)
        load_flex_ram = 0;
 
    LOG_INFO("DEPART 0x%" PRIx8 ", EEPROM size code 0x%" PRIx8,
         flex_nvm_partition_code, ee_size_code);
 
    result = kinetis_check_run_mode(k_chip);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    /* reset error flags */
    result = kinetis_ftfx_prepare(target);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    result = kinetis_ftfx_command(target, FTFX_CMD_PGMPART, load_flex_ram,
                      ee_size_code, flex_nvm_partition_code, 0, 0,
                      0, 0, 0, 0,  NULL);
    if (result != ERROR_OK)
        return result;
 
    command_print(CMD, "FlexNVM partition set. Please reset MCU.");
 
    if (k_chip) {
        first_nvm_bank = k_chip->num_pflash_blocks;
        num_blocks = k_chip->num_pflash_blocks + k_chip->num_nvm_blocks;
        for (bank_idx = first_nvm_bank; bank_idx < num_blocks; bank_idx++)
            k_chip->banks[bank_idx].probed = false; /* re-probe before next use */
        k_chip->probed = false;
    }
 
    command_print(CMD, "FlexNVM banks will be re-probed to set new data flash size.");
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(kinetis_fcf_source_handler)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC > 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
        if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "write") == 0)
            allow_fcf_writes = true;
        else if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "protection") == 0)
            allow_fcf_writes = false;
        else
            return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
 
    if (allow_fcf_writes) {
        command_print(CMD, "Arbitrary Flash Configuration Field writes enabled.");
        command_print(CMD, "Protection info writes to FCF disabled.");
        LOG_WARNING("BEWARE: incorrect flash configuration may permanently lock the device.");
    } else {
        command_print(CMD, "Protection info writes to Flash Configuration Field enabled.");
        command_print(CMD, "Arbitrary FCF writes disabled. Mode safe from unwanted locking of the device.");
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(kinetis_fopt_handler)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC > 1)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u8, CMD_ARGV[0], fcf_fopt);
    } else {
        command_print(CMD, "FCF_FOPT 0x%02" PRIx8, fcf_fopt);
    }
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
COMMAND_HANDLER(kinetis_create_banks_handler)
{
    if (CMD_ARGC > 0)
        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
    create_banks = true;
 
    return ERROR_OK;
}
 
 
static const struct command_registration kinetis_security_command_handlers[] = {
    {
        .name = "check_security",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "Check status of device security lock",
        .usage = "",
        .handler = kinetis_check_flash_security_status,
    },
    {
        .name = "halt",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "Issue a halt via the MDM-AP",
        .usage = "",
        .handler = kinetis_mdm_halt,
    },
    {
        .name = "mass_erase",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "Issue a complete flash erase via the MDM-AP",
        .usage = "",
        .handler = kinetis_mdm_mass_erase,
    },
    {
        .name = "reset",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "Issue a reset via the MDM-AP",
        .usage = "",
        .handler = kinetis_mdm_reset,
    },
    COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};
 
static const struct command_registration kinetis_exec_command_handlers[] = {
    {
        .name = "mdm",
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .help = "MDM-AP command group",
        .usage = "",
        .chain = kinetis_security_command_handlers,
    },
    {
        .name = "disable_wdog",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "Disable the watchdog timer",
        .usage = "",
        .handler = kinetis_disable_wdog_handler,
    },
    {
        .name = "nvm_partition",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "Show/set data flash or EEPROM backup size in kilobytes,"
            " set two EEPROM sizes in bytes and FlexRAM loading during reset",
        .usage = "('info'|'dataflash' size|'eebkp' size) [eesize1 eesize2] ['on'|'off']",
        .handler = kinetis_nvm_partition,
    },
    {
        .name = "fcf_source",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "Use protection as a source for Flash Configuration Field or allow writing arbitrary values to the FCF"
            " Mode 'protection' is safe from unwanted locking of the device.",
        .usage = "['protection'|'write']",
        .handler = kinetis_fcf_source_handler,
    },
    {
        .name = "fopt",
        .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
        .help = "FCF_FOPT value source in 'kinetis fcf_source protection' mode",
        .usage = "[num]",
        .handler = kinetis_fopt_handler,
    },
    {
        .name = "create_banks",
        .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
        .help = "Driver creates additional banks if device with two/four flash blocks is probed",
        .handler = kinetis_create_banks_handler,
        .usage = "",
    },
    COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};
 
static const struct command_registration kinetis_command_handler[] = {
    {
        .name = "kinetis",
        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
        .help = "Kinetis flash controller commands",
        .usage = "",
        .chain = kinetis_exec_command_handlers,
    },
    COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};
 
 
 
const struct flash_driver kinetis_flash = {
    .name = "kinetis",
    .commands = kinetis_command_handler,
    .flash_bank_command = kinetis_flash_bank_command,
    .erase = kinetis_erase,
    .protect = kinetis_protect,
    .write = kinetis_write,
    .read = default_flash_read,
    .probe = kinetis_probe,
    .auto_probe = kinetis_auto_probe,
    .erase_check = kinetis_blank_check,
    .protect_check = kinetis_protect_check,
    .info = kinetis_info,
    .free_driver_priv = kinetis_free_driver_priv,
};